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1.
In this study the determinants of entry and exit and the interrelationship between these market phenomena are investigated. We examine incentives, barriers, displacement and replacement for a panel data-set of 23 Dutch shoptypes for the 1981–1988 period. Results indicate that profit as a ratio of modal income, growth of consumer spending and growing unemployment are important incentives to enter and disincentives to exit. Requirements of floorspace and professional skills appear to reduce entry rates. We find evidence for entry and exit to interact but not to be simultaneously determined. The implication being that entry (exit) has a separate influence on exit (entry) next to market incentives and entry and exit barriers. 相似文献
2.
Roberta Piergiovanni Martin A. Carree Enrico Santarelli 《Small Business Economics》2012,39(3):539-560
In this article we explore the impact of a series of factors, including creativity, intellectual property rights activities, new business formation, and the provision of amenities, on economic growth for 103 Italian provinces over the period spanning 2001 to 2006. Provincial growth rates are measured in terms of employment growth and value-added growth. The findings reveal that an increase in the number of firms active in the creative industries and net entry have a positive effect on regional employment growth. The share of legal immigrants is also found to positively impact employment growth. A high number of university faculties is found to lead to less employment growth, whereas trademarks, patents, cultural amenities, and industrial districts have no significant effect. Value-added growth is for a large part determined by employment growth, but no additional productivity-enhancing effects of the factors discussed are found. 相似文献
3.
We introduce a new theory of industry evolution. According to our model, the nonmonotonicity in firm numbers found in many young industries is a consequence of the gradual decline in unit costs. Early stages of the industry life cycle, when unit costs and profit margins are high, display positive net entry rates. In later stages, declining unit costs and increasing competition limit the market room for (fringe) firms accumulating in a shakeout. The model explains paths of output, price level, and firm numbers using a recursive system of equations. We apply the model to the U.S. tire industry. 相似文献
4.
This paper investigates time allocation decisions in new ventures of female and male entrepreneurs using a model that distinguishes
between effects of preferences and productivity on the number of working hours. Using data of 1,158 entrepreneurs we find
that the preference for work time in new ventures relates to start-up motivation, propensity to take risk and availability
of other income. Productivity of work time relates to human, financial and social capital endowments and the prevalence of
outsourcing activities. This study also evaluates actual profit effects 1 year after start-up. We find that on average women
invest less time in the business than men. This can be attributed to both a lower preference for work time (driven by risk
aversion and availability of other income) and a lower productivity per hour worked (due to lower endowments of human, social
and financial capital). 相似文献
5.
Small firms and economic growth in europe 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Economic activity in manufacturing industries moved away from large firms toward small firms in many Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries during the last two decades. However, the speed of this industrial transformation process has varied considerably across countries. This paper investigates the consequences of lagging behind in this restructuring process in manufacturing. A sample of 14 manufacturing industries in 13 European countries has been constructed for this purpose. It is found that, on average, the employment share of large firms in 1990 has a negative effect on output growth in the subsequent four-year period. This provides support for specific policies introduced during the 1980s in European countries stimulating small enterprises.This study benefitted from a grant by the Research Centre for Economic Policy (OCFEB), Faculty of Economics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam. 相似文献
6.
Entrepreneurial activity is generally assumed to be an important aspect of the organization of industries most conducive to innovative activity and unrestrained competition. This paper investigates whether total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) influences GDP growth for a sample of 36 countries. We test whether this influence depends on the level of economic development measured as GDP per capita. Adjustment is made for a range of alternative explanations for achieving economic growth by incorporating the Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI). We find that entrepreneurial activity by nascent entrepreneurs and owner/managers of young businesses affects economic growth, but that this effect depends upon the level of per capita income. This suggests that entrepreneurship plays a different role in countries in different stages of economic development. 相似文献
7.
A note on testing for complementarity and substitutability in the case of multiple practices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent empirical studies of firm-level performance have tested complementarity in the case of multiple practices. These papers
have drawn conclusions using potentially biased estimates of pair-wise interaction effects. We develop a consistent and simple
testing framework and test it against alternatives. 相似文献
8.
Martin A. Carree Ingrid Verheul Enrico Santarelli 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(3):499-517
There is considerable variation in the firm exit rate across the 103 provinces in Italy. This paper investigates a range of
determinants of the exit rate for twelve different sectors in the Italian provinces for a period of eleven years. The analysis
shows that the exit rate is positively affected by entry in the previous year (displacement) in the same sector. Previous
exit has a different effect for the manufacturing industry as compared to the business services. More specifically, exit persists
in manufacturing while in the business services it is rather exit in related sectors in the same province that leads to increased
exit, probably due to the loss of clients or suppliers. The presence of industrial districts diminishes exit, especially in
two manufacturing sectors (Food and Clothing), Commerce and Transport. Provinces with strong trademark activity appear to
have lower exit rates. 相似文献
9.
Mohamed I. Gomaa James E. Hunton Eddy H.J. Vaassen Martin A. Carree 《International Journal of Accounting Information Systems》2011,12(3):206-224
We investigate the effects of decision aid reliability and pressure to perform on decision aid reliance. A total of 403 students took part in a four (pressures to perform: one through four) by five (decision aid reliability: 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%) between-participants experiment. We test two competing models of decision aid reliance behavior: pressure-induced rationality and pressure arousal theory. Additionally, we introduce a general model of reliance on a decision aid. We find that pressure arousal theory predominantly explains decision aid reliance behavior at all but the highest level of decision aid reliability tested in this study (90%). Our results indicate that there are reliance peaks across the reliability levels as more pressure to perform is applied, and that continually increasing pressures can eventually lead to decreased, rather than increased, reliance. 相似文献
10.
Nicolas Classen Martin Carree Anita Van Gils Bettina Peters 《Small Business Economics》2014,42(3):595-609
This study provides an exploratory analysis of differences between family and non-family firms in innovation investment, product and process innovation outcomes, and labor productivity. Using data from the Community Innovation Survey on 2,087 German small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we observe significant disparities at each stage of the innovation process. Whereas family SMEs have a higher propensity to invest in innovation at all, conditional on investing in innovation, these companies do so less intensively than their non-family counterparts. Family SMEs further tend to outperform non-family SMEs in terms of process innovation outcomes when controlling for innovation investment. Given the level of product and process innovation, however, family SMEs underperform regarding labor productivity in comparison to non-family SMEs. These findings complement previous empirical research by illustrating how the presence of a dominant family relates to innovation inputs and outputs of SMEs in Europe’s largest economy and its innovative SME sector. 相似文献