Tax Base and Crowding‐in Effects of Balanced Budget Fiscal Policy

A dynamic general equilibrium business cycle model is constructed with staggered price adjustment, monopolistic wage setting and distortionary taxation. The government purchases goods, runs an unemployment benefit system and balances its budget through a proportional tax on labour income. A temporary tax‐financed increase in government expenditures can lower the tax rate through a demand‐induced widening of the tax base. It is shown analytically that this allows private consumption to rise, under realistic conditions, despite the negative wealth effect of increased fiscal spending.     

西方国家政治整合的五条途径

西方国家宪政层面上的制度化政治反对模式主要有五种,其主要类别有:(1)英国:以议会为中心,但少数党派无否决权及共同执政权的反对模式;(2)德国:以议会为中心,但少数党派有很强的否决权及共同执政权的反对模式;(3)法国:议会-总统政治反对模式;(4)美国:分权政治反对模式;(5)瑞士:直接民主反对模式.本文对这五种政治反对模式进行了详细的比较研究.     

Booms and busts in housing markets: Determinants and implications

This study looks at the characteristics and determinants of booms and busts in housing prices for a sample of eighteen industrialised countries over the period 1980–2007. From an historical perspective, we find that recent housing booms have been amongst the longest in the past four decades. Estimates of a Multinomial Probit model suggest that domestic credit and interest rates have a significant influence on the probability of booms and busts occurring. Moreover, international liquidity plays a significant role for the occurrence of housing booms and—in conjunction with banking crises—for busts. We also find that the deregulation of financial markets has strongly magnified the impact of the domestic financial sector on the occurrence of booms.     

Ein Tag ohne Pflege

Einen akuten und vollst?ndigen Pflegemangel haben wir in Deutschland noch nie erlebt. Das hat nur einen Grund: Beruflich Pflegende sind gepr?gt von einem hohen Ma? an ethischer Verantwortung, zu Recht liegen sie im Ranking der vertrauenswürdigen Berufe auf Platz drei. Andere Berufsgruppen zeigen eindrucksvoll, was mit Ausst?nden erreichbar ist, wenn sie nur einen empfindlichen Nerv der Bev?lkerung treffen und Mangel spürbar wird.