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This article examines the Finnish maritime cluster by identifying the key challenges hindering its competitiveness. The main bottlenecks for the future are concluded to comprise rising cost levels in relation to customer demand, the need for human and capital resources, the need for financial and scientific support for innovation activities, and the lack of contacts and resources when competing for large-scale international projects. These issues are relevant also for the other maritime clusters in the Baltic Sea Region. Thus, joint policies and cooperation in tackling these issues could support the competitiveness of the maritime sector in the whole region. 相似文献
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Friction of distance in spatial interaction grows when the distance increases. This is a well-known fact and almost self-evident on the basis of the gravity model analogy and numerous empirical studies. Because this friction should apparently decrease over time, the change of the distance–decay parameter should be monotonic along time. We present empirical and theoretical evidence that this is only partially true. We also investigate the role of another parameter which is the scale parameter and the factors influencing on it. An empirical and theoretical explanation will be given as to why the changes of that parameter are rather contrary to the changes of the distance parameter. 相似文献
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The proponents of the Austrian school of economics, like economists in general, often take a negative view of incorporating psychological assumptions in the main body of economic theory. Still they regularly make use of such assumptions while applying the theory. The paper argues for a cautious use of the findings of psychology from the very start of economic reasoning. The examples employed to illustrate the argument are from the loan decision process of a banker. 相似文献
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In this article definitions of mood and the behavioral effects of negative moods are reviewed and scrutinized. This is an important task for two reasons. First, in prior studies, consumer researchers have treated concepts such as affect, mood, feeling, and emotion vaguely and arbitrarily. This has resulted in confusion regarding the substance of mood. In an attempt to dispel a part of this confusion, this article offers a conceptual analysis of mood. Second, a large part of prior consumer behavior‐ and advertising‐related mood research has addressed the relation between mood and mental constructs. The relation between mood and actual consumer behaviors is a more neglected research area. The behavioral effects of negative moods are an especially interesting phenomenon, because past studies have produced mixed and contradictory results. Thus, to offer novel insights, the key conclusion of the conceptual analysis of mood is harnessed to explain the inconsistent findings regarding the negative mood–(consumer) behavior relation. Another theoretical contribution is the provision of starting points for conceptualizing mood‐alleviative consumer behavior. Suggestions for future research are also briefly outlined in the concluding section of this article. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Using Psychology to Reinforce the Austrian Argument for Freedom: The Case of Loan Decisions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Martti Vihanto 《Constitutional Political Economy》1998,9(4):303-321
The emphatic statements of F. A. Hayek, and other members of the Austrian school of economics, in advocacy of a free society have produced much misgivings among the economics profession. The paper aims to make the Austrian views more intelligible by tracing them back to a theory of the mind that Hayek develops in The Sensory Order. More generally, the paper argues that Austrian economics would greatly benefit from extending itself from a pure logic of choice toward psychological analysis. The argument is illustrated throughout the paper by examples taken from the loan decision process of a banker. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the reasons behind what has been termed the 'Oulu Phenomenon' in Northern Finland. Over the past two to three decades the city of Oulu has transformed its economy from dependency on timber, paper and pulp industries into one based on High Technology, notably, telecommunications, biotechnology, electronics, multimedia and environmental technologies. In particular the paper will explore the role played by the national government via regional policy, higher education and the subsequent interaction between these, the local authorities and entrepreneurs 相似文献
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A critical appraisal of Wagner and Berger's framework for analyzing the growth of sociological theories calls for more precise criteria for identifying theoretical continuity. We propose a structuralist theory of science as an alternative framework. Our rational reconstruction of selected theories in the family of social psychological balance theories shows that Wagner and Berger's key concepts have counterparts in the exact formalism of structuralism. Overall, our results support Wagner and Berger's main thesis: the growth of theoretical knowledge in sociology is not rare but simply hidden by mistaken assumptions about the nature of theoretical activity. 相似文献
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Toni Laaksonen Kalle Pajunen Harri I. KulmalaAuthor vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2008,(8):910-920
The relational and dynamic aspects of interfirm trust and dependence produce a crucial, but insufficiently addressed, challenge for successful relationship coordination. In this paper we concentrate on this issue by examining how trust and dependence co-evolve in customer–supplier relationships. Building on a case study, we develop propositions and a model that illustrates how interorganizational trust and dependence co-evolve through the different phases of customer–supplier relationships and how we may distinguish cooperative and trustworthy actors from those who will behave opportunistically. Theoretical and practical implications are offered. 相似文献
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