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1.
Machu Picchu, Peru, is recognized as a top international travel destination. Pressure from the approximately 900,000 tourists who annually visit the ancient Inca city threatens the ecological integrity, physical substance and cultural authenticity of the World Heritage Site and surrounding area, including the Inca Trail. Multiple organizations and agencies currently involved in the management of Machu Picchu have distinct agendas for the conservation and development of the city, and conflicts regarding public access, economic growth and cultural preservation are rampant. Attempts to establish carrying capacities have failed, with proposed daily visitor levels ranging from 800 to 4000. This paper explores the complex issues surrounding tourism at Machu Picchu and presents a potential solution: an adaptive management approach based on the UN World Tourism Organization's (UNWTO) sustainable tourism framework. This integrative strategy accounts for multiple perspectives and synthesizes disparate goals embraced by diverse stakeholders, including the Peruvian government, international conservation organizations, foreign tourists, private tour operators, regional authorities and indigenous communities. The focus on Machu Picchu as an adaptive management case study site outlines key steps leading to implementation, offering planning and policy implications for sustainability initiatives at numerous developing-world tourism destinations facing similar political and socio-economic challenges. 相似文献
2.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the competition between a multinational and the incumbent firm in a foreign market under asymmetric information about demand and unobservable outputs. It is shown that the incumbent firm increases its production in the first period to signal to the multinational that the demand is low. The multinational reduces its output in the foreign market in order to signal-jam. In addition, the multinational increases its production in the other market. However, total production of the multinational is lower. Implications for research and development expenditure by the multinational are examined. 相似文献
3.
Neelam C. Poudyal Jacek P. Siry J. M. Bowker 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2012,21(3):157-169
To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
4.
Neelam Jain 《International Journal of Industrial Organization》2011,29(4):464-472
We examine the effect of a threat of entry on experimentation about demand by an incumbent monopolist when there is a fixed cost of entry. We show that experimentation may itself be used as a tool for entry deterrence and derive conditions under which experimentation reduces the probability of entry. These conditions depend on the entry rule which in turn depends on entry costs. We show that if experimentation does not deter entry, the monopolist incumbent experiments less. We also characterize experimentation and entry in the linear-uniform example, and show that cost of entry and experimentation do not have a monotonic relationship. 相似文献
5.
Summary. In this paper we study the real and financial effects of insider trading in a Static, Kyle-type model. In our model the insider
is also the manager of the firm. Hence the insider chooses both the amount of the real output to be produced and the amount
of the stock of the firm to trade. The aim of the paper is to study the relationship between financial decisions and real
decisions. In particular, we examine how insider trading on the stock market affects the real output and price and how the
real decision making affects the financial variables, such as the extent of insider trading, stock prices, and the stock pricing
rule of the market maker. In the model, the market maker observes two correlated signals: the total order flow and the market
price of the real good. We study the informativeness of the stock price and the effects on insider's profits. We also construct
a compensation scheme that aligns the interests of the insider and the firm. Finally, we generalize the pricing rule set up
by a competitive market maker and analyze the comparative statics of the model.
Received: October 3, 1999: revised version: December 1, 1999 相似文献
6.
Debt, managerial compensation and learning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Neelam Jain 《European Economic Review》2006,50(2):377-399
Using a dynamic model with uncertainty and asymmetric information, we study the impact of debt and bankruptcy on managerial compensation and learning. In this model, compensation has two roles to play—providing incentives to the manager and learning about his type. We show that debt, through bankruptcy, acts as a substitute of compensation in both dimensions and derive conditions under which debt lowers average compensation, pay-performance sensitivity and increases learning. We also examine the choice of debt and show that firm value can be increased due to debt's effect on managerial compensation, abstracting from other costs and benefits of debt. Finally, we conduct comparative statics with respect to the underlying parameters. 相似文献
7.
Property taxation and rural land values: Their effect on private forestland ownership structure in Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of property tax and rural land market value on the ownership structure of private forestland in Texas. Using county-level panel data in an Instrumental Variable regression framework, we estimated the effect of property tax rate and rural land value on two measures of ownership fragmentation: the total number of private forest landowners and the average size of private forest holdings. The results indicate that after controlling for the total amount of private forest area in a county, both property tax rates and rural land values increased ownership fragmentation. However, the rate of ownership fragmentation was relatively inelastic in both property tax rate and rural land value. While further restructuring local property tax rates might minimize the negative effect on private ownership dynamics, policy instruments that decrease the disparity between productivity value and market value of rural forestland might be needed to check the ongoing ownership fragmentation in Texas and elsewhere in the United States. 相似文献
8.
Journal of Business Ethics - Given the rapid growth and emerging trend of e-commerce have changed consumer preferences to buy online, this study analyzes the current... 相似文献
9.
Management Review Quarterly - Workplace ostracism (WO) has an unfavourable impression on the outcomes of employees. For the past few years, its power has grown as a type of “cold... 相似文献
10.
We explore the concept of macro‐institutional environmental complexity surrounding logistics systems. Macro‐institutional environmental complexity is formulated as the complexity posed by the diversity of macro‐institutions and infrastructural capabilities of external environments involved in global supply chain logistics operations. This concept is then translated into a simple Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model evaluating the macro‐institutional logistics systems environmental complexity of the four Nordic countries. 相似文献