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1.
Kremer and Snyder (Q J Econ 130:1167–1239, 2015) show that demand curves for a preventive and treatment may have different shapes though they target the same disease, biasing the pharmaceutical manufacturer toward developing the lucrative rather than the socially desirable product. This paper tightens the theoretical bounds on the potential deadweight loss from such biases. Using a calibration of the global demand for HIV pharmaceuticals, we demonstrate the dramatically sharper analysis achievable with the new bounds, allowing us to pinpoint potential deadweight loss at 62% of the global gain from curing HIV. We use the calibration to perform policy counterfactuals, assessing welfare effects of government policies such as a subsidy, reference pricing, and price-discrimination ban. The fit of our calibration is good: we find that a hypothetical drug monopolist would price an HIV drug so high that only 4% of the infected population worldwide would purchase, matching actual drug prices and quantities in the early 2000s before subsidies in low-income countries ramped up. 相似文献
2.
Facilitating Global Organizational Learning in Product Development at Whirlpool Corporation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The challenges of leveraging learning about product development in a global company are complex. Whirlpool Corporation is addressing these challenges, using a multidimensional strategy that couples work in advanced products and product development with organization development and training. Deborah Durate and Nancy Snyder describe how Whirlpool has implemented training, best practices conferences, and programs focused on enhancing the performance of product development teams to facilitate learning after product development efforts and to leverage that learning on a global basis. Programs and processes are described, and lessons learned as well as guidelines for development are offered. 相似文献
3.
Rita Snyder 《广告杂志》2013,42(4):54-61
Abstract Characteristics of implied-superiority claims that mislead consumers were examined. Claims for four products were investigated using a factorial design to manipulate type of claim (three variations of implied-superiority claims and a noncomparative claim), concreteness of the referent attribute (concrete, vague, and omitted), and brand familiarity (familiar and fictitious brand names). Implied-superiority claims were more misleading than noncomparative claims, as shown by the percentage of subjects who believed that brands described by such claims were superior. Ratings of brand quality and interest in trial were not increased by such claims. Concreteness of referent attributes does not account for these findings; however both the use of indirect comparisons to competitors and the use of familiar brand names contribute to the misleading effects of implied-superiority claims. 相似文献
4.
We construct a model in which an investment opportunity arisesfor a first mover before it knows the identity of a second moverand in which joint location results in a negative externality.Contracts are inherently incomplete since the first mover cannotbargain over its ex ante investment decision with the anonymoussecond mover. Given this departure from the setting of the Coasetheorem, the allocation of property rights over the externalityhas real effects on social welfare. We investigate the relativeefficiency of property rights regimes used in practice: injunctions,damages, the ruling in the Spur Industries case, etc. The firstbest can be obtained by allocating property rights (in particularthe right to sue for damages) to the second mover. Allocatingproperty rights to the first mover, as a "coming to the nuisance"rule entails, leads to overinvestment. In contrast to conventionalwisdom, this inefficiency persists even if a monopoly landownercontrols all the land on which the parties may locate. 相似文献
5.
This article introduces the special issue on the intersection between industrial organization and healthcare economics. This intersection has received increasing research interest, growing from 2% of the industrial-organization literature in 1991 to 6% in 2016. We describe the nine included articles, which cover a range of healthcare markets that include hospital services, insurance, and pharmaceuticals. 相似文献
6.
This paper investigates the alleged adverse effect of floating exchange rates on international trade. A simple model is constructed to test the relationship between exchange rate variability and bilateral trade flows between the United States and three of its major trading partners: Canada, Japan and Germany. Using data from 1960 to 1983 to encompass both “stable” and floating rate regimes, it is shown that while exchange rate variability is considerably higher in the floating period, there is no evidence that this greater variability has had a negative impact on trade flows. 相似文献
7.
Peter Snyder Molly Hall Joline Robertson Tomasz Jasinski Janice S. Miller 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(4):371-383
In this paper, we present an ethical and strategic approach to managing organizational crises. The proposed crisis management
model (1) offers a new approach to guide an organization’s strategic and ethical response to crisis, and (2) provides a two-by-two
framework for classifying organizational crises. The ethically rational approach to crisis draws upon strategic rationality,
crisis, and ethics literature to understand and address organizational crises. Recent examples of corporate crises are employed
to illustrate the theoretical claims advanced. Finally, the paper provides guidelines for a morally optimal outcome for the
organization and its stakeholders.
Peter Snyder is a Ph.D. student in Organizations and Strategic Management at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. His research
interests include strategy making and corporate governance.
Molly Hall is an attorney who practices international and environmental law in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She teaches adjunct courses
in business ethics, environmental policy, and the European Union.
Joline Robertson is a Ph.D. candidate in Organizations and Strategic Management at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Her research interests include international business.
Tomasz Jasinski is a Ph.D. student in Organizations and Strategic Management at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. His
research interests include strategic alliances.
Janice S. Miller received her Ph.D. from Arizona State Univerity in Business Administration with a concentration in Human
Resource management. She has been on the faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee UWM since 1996 and has served as
the Associate Dean for Academic Programs in the School of Business Administration since 2002. Dr. Miller’s primary research
interests include performance management, compensation and ethical issues in organizations. 相似文献
8.
9.
Christopher M. Snyder 《Economic Theory》1999,14(1):247-253
Summary. In the context of a costly-state-verification model with a risk-neutral agent having limited liability, it has been postulated
that allowing stochastic auditing reduces the asymmetric information problem to a trivial one: i.e., the first best can be
approached arbitrarily closely with feasible contracts. This paper proves the postulate to be false: the surplus from feasible
contracts is bounded strictly below the first-best surplus level. The bound is straightforward to compute in examples. The
paper thus removes a justification for the restriction to deterministic auditing commonly made in the literature.
Received: July 18, 1997; revised version: February 23, 1998 相似文献
10.
It is a common practice to complement a forecasting method such as simple exponential smoothing with a monitoring scheme to detect those situations where forecasts have failed to adapt to structural change. It will be suggested in this paper that the equations for simple exponential smoothing can be augmented by a common monitoring statistic to provide a method that automatically adapts to structural change without human intervention. The resulting method, which turns out to be a restricted form of damped trend corrected exponential smoothing, is compared with related methods on the annual data from the M3 competition. It is shown to be better than simple exponential smoothing and more consistent than traditional damped trend exponential smoothing. 相似文献