Ads promoting OTC medications: The effect of ad format and credibility on beliefs, attitudes, and purchase intentions

This investigation explores the effects of ad credibility and ad format (direct comparative vs. noncomparative) on consumers' beliefs, attitudes, and purchase intentions for over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It is hypothesized that ad credibility moderates the effects of ad format. To test the hypotheses three different experiments were conducted, with each one using a different method to manipulate ad credibility (multiple explanations for claimed superiority, claim substantiation, and approval of ad information from the Federal Trade Commission). The results of the three studies provide consistent support for the main effects of ad credibility and ad format. Increased persuasion was evidenced with higher credibility ads and with direct comparative ads. However, the hypothesized interaction consistently was not supported. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Practice before theory? An approach for testing sequencing effects in pedagogical design

Engineering is a practical discipline, dedicated to the solution of problems through the sound application of principles derived from the natural sciences and mathematics. Engineering pedagogy has therefore to balance the need for learners to gain a deep understanding of the theoretical basis of the problem domain whilst grasping its practical implications. However, little is known as to the most effective sequence of delivery: is it better to begin with theory and build up to practice or vice versa? Here, we present the idea of testing this through a carefully designed pedagogical experiment. We begin by discussing the issues around the creation of a pedagogical experiment to answer such a question, and define the nature and scope of such experiments. We then create a formal framework within which such questions can be tested and present an experiment in the domain of architectural engineering that pilots this new approach. Finally, we discuss the utility of using such a framework to lead evidence-based discussions of pedagogical practice within the engineering education literature, and conclude that similar experiments could be, and should be, completed by other teams wanting to examine delivery order or other binary choice situations.

     

School safety assessment in Bengaluru and Kolar districts,India

Abstract

Ensuring optimum safety in schools to prevent injuries and promote safety of children is a mandate by the Constitution of India. However, there is limited evidence regarding safety and injury prevention in schools. This safety appraisal was conducted on a sample of 131 schools, selected by stratified random sampling in Bengaluru and Kolar districts in India. Trained investigators collected data using smart phone-assisted interview, observational methods and record review between 1 January and 31 March 2019. Safety was assessed across the domains of macro areas (policy, guidelines, committee, budget, coordination and training), physical infrastructure, road and transport safety, fire safety and first-aid services. Safety level (%) at each school was computed based on scores obtained in each domain. Overall safety level was at 50.8% of the assessment criteria and was relatively better in private schools (54%). Most schools scored less than 30% in domains of transport safety, fire safety and macro areas. Results highlight the need for implementing and augmenting safety measures in schools.