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Specialisation,localisation, and trade value in the wake of cross-border production sharing. The Central Eastern European Countries' case 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gianfranco De Simone 《International Review of Economics》2007,54(1):106-128
We focus on five among the sectors in which most of the CEECs’ trade in middle products with EU-15 is concentrated. Over the
second half of the 1990s, we observe remarkable changes in both production and trade specialization as well as a significant
relocation of industries within CEECs. Using jointly trade and production data we outline co-movements in the adjustment of
specialisation patterns. We also show that the redistribution of activities at the regional level reflects the relocation
of industries at the global level. Finally, we try to detect the scope of fragmentation of production characterizing each
industry and the ways in which CEECs are moving along the “internationally sliced-up value chain”. (JEL: F10, F14, F15) 相似文献
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Anderson and vanWincoop developed what has become the standard framework for framing and interpreting empirical work using the gravity model. Their framework relies heavily on an assumption of symmetry among countries. For issues related to North‐South trade, this assumption is problematic. In this paper, we develop an asymmetric extension of the Anderson–vanWincoop framework appropriate to the analysis of North‐South trade, where Northern countries produce differentiated goods and Southern countries homogenous ones. In addition, we use an appropriately extended version of Baier and Bergtrand and Taylor linear expansion – thus permitting its estimation using (good old) OLS. The result is an empirical model that (i) is better suited to the analysis of North‐South trade, (ii) is easy to estimate and compute comparative statics, not requiring a customised NLS routine and, given the way the South is included, (iii) provides a simple explanation of zero trade flows between some country pairs, a fact still not fully explained in the literature. As an illustration of its use, we examine the empirical link between foreign aid and trade. 相似文献
5.
This study identifies the main shocks that cause fluctuations in French output and their channels of transmission. It uses
a large-dimensional structural approximate dynamic factor model. There are three main findings. First, common shocks, especially
demand shocks, which seem to originate from the U.S., play an important role in explaining French economic activity. While
international trade, relative prices, and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are the main channels of transmission, the
stock market, consumer confidence, and interest rates also matter. Second, France’s integration with the rest of the world
has increased over time. Third, there is some tentative evidence of regional components in explaining French output fluctuations;
country-specific components also contribute. The predominance of exogenous factors affecting French output, the asymmetry
in the transmission of shocks, and France’s participation in a currency area argue for making French goods, services, and
labor markets as flexible as possible. 相似文献
6.
D'Alessandro S 《Oxford economic papers》2011,63(4):625-647
This paper shows that under weather variability the transformation from a rural to an incomplete market economy can increase the vulnerability of peasants to famine. This can occur even if improvements in technology have raised agricultural productivity and made production less responsive to weather variability. Indeed, negative environmental shocks can produce a drop in wages that outweighs the increase in wages due to an equivalent positive environmental shock. Consequently, the amount of grain stored increases more slowly in good seasons than it decreases in bad ones. This paper gives new insights on the catastrophic effects produced by widespread droughts in India during the second half of the 19th century. Notwithstanding the introduction of new modes of production and the modernization of infrastructures, the interaction between environmental variability and new institutional arrangements might have contributed to increase the vulnerability of peasants to famine. 相似文献
7.
Karl-Heinz Erb Fridolin Krausmann Simone Gingrich Marina Fischer-Kowalski 《Ecological Economics》2009,69(2):250-259
Humanity's role in shaping patterns and processes in the terrestrial biosphere is large and growing. Most of the earth's fertile land is used more or less intensively by humans for resource extraction, production, transport, consumption and waste deposition or as living space. Biomass production on cropland, grazing areas and in managed forests dominates area requirements, but other processes such as soil degradation, human-induced fires and expansion of settlements and infrastructure play an increasingly important role as well. The growing human domination of terrestrial ecosystems contributes to biodiversity loss as well as to a reduced capability of ecosystems to deliver vital services such as buffering capacity, soil conservation or self-regulation. This special section is devoted to the presentation of recent research into the patterns, determinants and implications of the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), an integrated socio-ecological indicator of land use intensity. By measuring the combined effect of land conversion and biomass harvest on the availability of trophic energy (biomass) in ecosystems, HANPP explicitly links natural with socioeconomic processes and allows for integrated analyses of land systems. This introductory article explains the rationale that links current HANPP research to Ecological Economics and discusses issues of definition and methods shared by all articles included in the special section. Finally, it gives an overview of the individual papers, provides some general conclusions and presents an outlook for future research: a better understanding of long-term trajectories of HANPP, of the significance of trade patterns as well as of the future role of bioenergy are highlighted as important issues to be addressed in the coming years. 相似文献
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Rudi Hessel Jolanda van den Berg Oumar Kabor Arie van Kekem Simone Verzandvoort Jean-Marie Dipama Binta Diallo 《Land use policy》2009,26(4):1162-1172
Sustainable land use planning is crucial for realizing the aim of food security and for combating land degradation in the Sahel. A participatory land use planning workshop was organised in a village in the eastern region of Burkina Faso to investigate land use problems, their causes, effects and possible solutions. Participatory research tools and GIS were combined to get insight into possible conflicts or synergies between different land use options as mapped by different ethnic groups. Pictograms were used to locate alternative land use options on the map, after which they were digitised for analysis with GIS. The workshop confirms the importance of integrating scientific and local knowledge to develop concrete options for sustainable land use that fit to local realities and aspirations. Local people are knowledgeable about the driving forces behind land degradation, they take actions to combat the effects of degradation, and they have concrete ideas about alternative land use options. The use of GIS proved its added value in the participatory process of integrated land use planning. The maps that were produced also facilitate discussions between community members, researchers and government representatives at the regional level, both regarding current land use problems and regarding alternative options as perceived by the local population. 相似文献
9.
Max von Zedtwitz Simone Corsi Peder Veng Sberg Romeo Frega 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2015,32(1):12-28
Reverse innovation commonly refers to an innovation initially launched in a developing country and later introduced to an advanced country. Adopting a linear innovation model with the four sequential phases of concept ideation, product development, primary target market introduction, and subsequent secondary market introduction, this study expands the espoused definition of reverse innovation beyond its market‐introduction focus with reversals in the flow of innovation in the ideation and product development phases. Recognizing that each phase can take place in different geographical locations, the paper then introduces a typology of global innovation with 16 different types of innovation flows between advanced and emerging countries, 10 of which are reverse innovation flows. The latter are further differentiated into weak and strong reverse innovation, depending on the number of innovation phases taking place in an emerging country. This analytical framework allows recasting of current research at the intersection between innovation and international business. Of the 10 reverse innovation flows, six are new and have not been covered in the literature to date. The study addresses questions of ethnocentrism and the continuity of the flow of innovation, and discusses possible extensions of the model with respect to the number of geographical categories and phases of innovation. Four research propositions highlight areas for future investigation, especially in the context of optimizing a firm's portfolio of global innovation competence and capability. The implications for management are concerned with internal and external resistance to reverse innovation. Most significantly, while greater recognition and power of innovation in formerly subordinate organizational units is inconvenient to some, the ability to leverage the potential of reverse innovation makes a firm more likely to succeed in global innovation overall. 相似文献
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