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排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Technological and financial approaches to risk management in agriculture: an integrated approach* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert G. Chambers John Quiggin 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2004,48(2):199-223
In the present paper, risk‐management problems where farmers manage risk both through production decisions and through the use of market‐based and informal risk‐management mechanisms are considered. It is shown that many of these problems share a common structure, and that a unified and informative treatment of a broad spectrum of risk‐management tools is possible within a cost‐minimisation framework, under minimal conditions on their objective functions. Fundamental results are derived that apply regardless of the producer's preference towards risks, using only the no‐arbitrage condition that agricultural producers never forego any opportunity to lower costs without lowering returns. 相似文献
2.
This paper combines insights from the literature on the economics of organisation with traditional models of market structure to construct a theory of equilibrium firm size heterogeneity under the assumption of a homogenous product industry. It is possible that configurations consisting entirely of small firms (run by entrepreneurs with limited attention) and with larger firms (using managerial techniques to substitute away these limits to allow increasing returns technologies to become profitable) can arise in equilibrium. However, there also exist equilibrium configurations with the co-existence of large and small firms. The efficiency properties of these respective equilibria are discussed. Finally, the implications of an expanding market size are considered. 相似文献
3.
4.
This paper has three goals. First, we demonstrate that standard arguments and methods from production and duality analysis
can be used to provide a comprehensive and general treatment of the value of information for a risk-averse firm with expected-utility
(linear-in-probabilities) preferences and a general stochastic technology. Second, we place bounds on the value of information
for a risk-averse firm and relate these bounds to characteristics of the technology and the producer’s preferences. The third
and final goal is to derive the implications that information differences can have for measured efficiency differences and
to relate the bounds on the value of information to those measured differences.
相似文献
5.
THEORIES OF CHOICE UNDER IGNORANCE AND UNCERTAINTY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. In this paper, Knight's distinction between risk and uncertainty, and its significance for economic analysis are examined. The paper consists of a survey of some recent developments on the theory of choice under uncertainty and some applications of these theories to problems for which Bayesian Decision Theory has not proved entirely satisfactory. Two problems are examined in detail. The first is that of finance and insurance and the second is that of risktaking behaviour with special emphasis on lotteries. 相似文献
6.
7.
Pat Barclay 《Experimental Economics》2006,9(2):181-182
Recent studies in experimental economics have shown that many people have other-regarding preferences, potentially including
preferences for altruism, reciprocity, and fairness. It is useful to investigate why people possess such preferences and what
functional purpose they might serve outside the laboratory, because evolutionary and social learning perspectives both predict
that cooperative sentiments should only exist if they bring benefits that outweigh the costs of other-regarding behavior.
Theories of costly signaling suggest that altruistic acts may function (with or without intention) as signals of unobservable
qualities such as resources or cooperative intent, and altruists may benefit (possibly unintentionally) from the advertisement
of such qualities. After reviewing the theories that could potentially account for the evolution of altruism (Chapter 1),
I test some predictions about cooperation derived from costly signaling theory. In Chapter 2, I show that participants in
experimental public goods games were more cooperative when they had cues that they could benefit from having a good reputation,
and that there was apparently some competition to be the most generous group member. Furthermore, in subsequent trust games,
people tended to trust high public goods contributors more than low contributors. Chapter 3 failed to find evidence that granting
high status to people makes them more likely to contribute to public goods or punish free-riders, but there was suggestive
evidence that physical proximity to the experimenter affected contributions and punishment. In Chapter 4, I found that people
tended to trust others who were willing to incur costs to punish those who free-ride on group cooperation provided that such
punishment was justified, and men were more punitive than women. In Chapter 5, I show that women find altruistic men more
desirable than neutral men for long-term relationships. Together, these results suggest that humans do treat altruism as a
signal of willingness to be cooperative. These findings are discussed with respect to the adaptive design of cooperative sentiments
as well as the current debate over group selection.
Dissertation: Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontarion
Currently: Post-Doc, Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University 相似文献
8.
State‐contingent analysis of farmers’ response to weather variability: irrigated dairy farming in the Murray Valley,Australia 下载免费PDF全文
Thilak Mallawaarachchi Céline Nauges Orion Sanders John Quiggin 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2017,61(1):36-55
The agricultural sector is commonly regarded as one of the most vulnerable to climate change. Current understanding of the impact of climate change on this sector relies on the underlying assumptions about farmers’ possible responses to weather variability, including changes in crop choice, input combinations and land management practices. Many previous analyses rely on the implicit (and restrictive) assumption that farmers operate under a fixed technology set across different states of nature. This assumption, represented through stochastic production or profit functions, is commonly made but seldom tested and may understate farmers’ responses to climate change if state‐contingent production technologies are, in reality, more flexible. The potential for farmers to adapt production technologies in response to unforeseen events is at the core of the state‐contingent approach. Advanced in Chambers and Quiggin (2000), the theory contends that producers can manage uncertainty through the allocation of productive inputs to different states of nature. In this article, we test the assumption that farmers’ observed behaviour is consistent with the state‐contingent production theory using farm‐level data from Australia. More precisely, we estimate the milk production technology for a sample of irrigated dairy farms from the southern Murray–Darling Basin over the period from 2006–2007 to 2009–2010. 相似文献
9.
John Quiggin 《Agricultural Economics》2010,41(Z1):121-132
The stabilization of global climate presents one of the most complex problems in public good provision the world has faced. Continuation of “business as usual” policies, leading to warming of more than 2 degrees over the next year, will produce significant damage to agricultural systems and catastrophic damage to the natural ecosystems that ultimately support agriculture. The best solution to the public goods problem is a “contract and converge” agreement in which the ultimate outcome is a common global entitlement to CO2 emissions per person. 相似文献
10.