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1.
Ambiguity aversion and the absence of wage indexation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes optimal wage contracting assuming agents are not subjective expected utility maximizers but are, instead, ambiguity (or uncertainty) averse decision makers who maximize Choquet expected utility. We show that such agents will choose not to include any indexation coverage in their wage contracts even when inflation is uncertain, unless the perceived inflation uncertainty is high enough. Significantly, the exercise does not presume any exogenous costs (e.g., transactions costs) of including indexation links. 相似文献
2.
The Hannah-Kay [1977] generalized concentration index contains the well-known Herfindahl [1950]-Hirschman [1945] and the entropy indices as particular cases. In this papaer we show that the Hannah-Kay class can be regarded as a particular member of a generalized family of indices, which we refer to as self-weighted quasilinear means. We then show that among all self-weighted quasilinear means the Hannah-Kay family is the only class of concentration indices which satisfies the replication principle, a requirement which states that an m-fold replication of the industry, firm by firm, will multiply the concentration index by the factor 1/m.The refereeing process of this paper was handled through N.R. Adam.We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their suggestions. 相似文献
3.
Amiya K. Chakravarty 《International Journal of Production Economics》2011,134(1):3-15
Natural and man-made disasters imply a great deal of uncertainty in terms of potential damage, though it is certain that there would be a huge spike in the demand for relief supplies causing shortages and/or delays in providing aid. Ruptures in the infrastructure (roads, utility, and communication lines) cause additional delays due to repairs. Therefore, the relief providers need to work in collaboration with retailers, and infrastructure service providers for improving responsiveness. The relief providers (government and non government) rely on acquiring and delivering supplies in real time because such actions accompany little risk of resource underutilization, though the cost of real time acquisitions can be high. In contrast, a proactive response, while minimizing acquisition cost, can be very ineffective if demand surges are high. We study a hybrid of reactive and proactive approaches, where the reactive response is contingent upon the disaster intensity exceeding a certain threshold. We show how the threshold value may impact capacity acquisitions and prices and establish the optimality of contingent response. Further, we establish how an infrastructure contract may help reducing the social cost of disaster. 相似文献
4.
We examine a variety of preference-based definitions of ambiguous events in the context of the smooth ambiguity model. We first consider the definition proposed in Klibanoff et?al. (Econometrica 73(6):1849?C1892, 2005) based on the classic Ellsberg two-urn paradox (Ellsberg Q J Econ 75:643?C669, 1961) and show that it satisfies several desirable properties. We then compare this definition with those of Nehring (Math Soc Sci 38(2):197?C213, 1999), Epstein and Zhang (Econometrica 69:265?C306, 2001), Zhang (Econ Theory 20:159?C181, 2002), and Ghirardato and Marinacci (J Econ Theory 102:251?C289, 2002). Within the smooth ambiguity model, we show that Ghirardato and Marinacci (J Econ Theory 102:251?C289, 2002) would identify the same set of ambiguous and unambiguous events as our definition while Epstein and Zhang (Econometrica 69:265?C306, 2001) and Zhang (Econ Theory 20:159?C181, 2002) would yield a different classification. Moreover, we discuss and formally identify two key sources of the differences compared to Epstein and Zhang (Econometrica 69:265?C306, 2001) and Zhang (Econ Theory 20:159?C181, 2002). The more interesting source is that these two definitions can confound non-constant ambiguity attitude and the ambiguity of an event. 相似文献
5.
Satya R. Chakravarty 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2009,5(2):181-199
An income distribution-based abbreviated social welfare function is an increasing function of equity and efficiency. When inequality is of relative type, we characterize variants of the Atkinson–Kolm–Sen and the Shorrocks abbreviated welfare functions, where the variation results from the existence of a corresponding trade-off parameter, and in each case if the parameter becomes one the two forms coincide. When the value of the parameter increases, equity gains more weight in the equity–efficiency trade-off. For absolute inequality, we characterize the Blackorby–Donaldson–Kolm welfare function. Some implications of the lexicographic-type equity used in the paper are also considered. 相似文献
6.
S. P. Chakravarty 《Scottish journal of political economy》1987,34(2):120-144
7.
8.
Satya R. Chakravarty Nachiketa Chattopadhyay Liu Qingbin 《The Japanese Economic Review》2015,66(3):300-310
Vulnerability to poverty refers to the risk of an individual or household falling below the poverty line. A partial vulnerability to poverty ordering is defined to indicate when a situation characterized by uncertainty means that people are more vulnerable to poverty than in another situation. The family of expected poverty indices used in this context contains versions under vulnerability of many well‐known poverty indices. The ordering resembles the Hardy et al. result on the Lorenz partial ordering. A separate ordering for the expected income gap ratio is also investigated. First‐order stochastic dominance is used to indicate when the expected value of the censored returns from the states increases. 相似文献
9.
Did decimalization hurt institutional investors? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sugato Chakravarty Venkatesh Panchapagesan Robert A. Wood 《Journal of Financial Markets》2005,8(4):400-420
We examine institutional trading costs around the move to penny size ticks in 2001 (i.e., decimalization). We find that overall trading costs declined, with improvements in most partitions across order size, firm size, and manager style. Improvements were most pronounced for orders that were executed over multiple days and for stocks where the minimum tick sizes were likely to have been binding. However, costs did increase for orders executed within a single day. The improvements we document contrast with changes accompanying the reduction of minimum ticks to sixteenths in 1997 though, in both cases, results suggest that more patient traders fare relatively better than those that demand immediacy. 相似文献
10.
Economic models of contract typically assume that courts enforce obligations based on verifiable events (corresponding to the legal rule of specific performance). As a matter of law, this is not the case. This leaves open the question of optimal contract design given the available remedies used by the courts. This article shows that American standard form construction contracts can be viewed as an efficient mechanism for implementing building projects given existing legal rules. It is shown that a central feature of these contracts is the inclusion of governance covenants that shape the scope of authority and regulate the ex post bargaining power of parties. Our model also implies that the legal remedies of mistake, impossibility and the doctrine limiting damages for unforeseen events developed in the case of Hadley v. Baxendale are efficient solutions to the problem of implementing complex exchange. 相似文献