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1.
Firms build business relationships during economic activities. The goal of this paper is to clarify production mechanisms and economic functions by identifying characteristic patterns of inter-firm interactions. In this paper, we empirically analyze an inter-firm network consisting of about one million firms and four million directed links, in order to specify network motifs, which are small subgraphs that occur more frequently than expected in a randomly generated network. We found that V-shaped triads are network motifs, while feedforward and feedback loop are anti-motifs. By defining roles in the subgraph according to structural equivalence, we also detected the significance profile of roles characterizing the industry sector. The taxonomy of industries obtained from the profiles is economically meaningful. These empirical findings may serve to provide an easily interpretable view of the entire inter-firm network and to improve the efficiency and safety of economic systems.  相似文献   
2.
This paper analyses the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of a two-stage price-setting duopoly. The demand functions are classified into four cases in terms of the goods' relevance and strategic relevance between two firms. All four cases are correlated with two opposite prior commitments that generate kinks in the reaction curve. This paper assumes that only one firm can execute the prior commitments. In the model, we find that the firm can increase its payoff with one of the prior commitments in each of the four cases. We also find that our equilibrium outcomes are different from those of Matsumura (1998) in this Journal, and that they occur at the Stackelberg point in all four cases if, and only if, the firm's reaction curves shift to the Stackelberg point as a result of the prior commitments. As a consequence, the effectiveness of strategic commitments is proved.  相似文献   
3.
This paper examines the behaviours of a profit‐maximizing firm and a labour‐managed profit‐per‐worker‐maximizing firm in a two‐stage quantity‐setting model with a wage‐rise contract as a strategic commitment. The paper then shows that there exists a unique equilibrium that coincides with the Stackelberg solution where the profit‐maximizing firm is the leader and the labour‐managed firm is the follower.  相似文献   
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5.
We empirically investigate price fluctuations of yen-dollar exchange rate using the high-frequency data recorded in the electronic broking system for seven-year period. The distribution of quote price changes has symmetric fat-tails approximated by a power law; however, that of deal price is asymmetrical. The autocorrelation function and diffusion of price changes indicate that quote price exhibits anti-correlation feature in short time scale, whereas deal price is essentially uncorrelated. The bid-ask spread shows power-law distribution and long range temporal correlations similar to that observed in absoute price changes.   相似文献   
6.
Using tick-by-tick data for the dollar–yen and euro–dollar exchange rates recorded on the actual transaction platform, a ‘run’—continuous increases or decreases in deal prices for the past several ticks—does have some predictable information on the direction of the next price movement. Deal price movements, that are consistent with order flows, tend to continue a run once it is started. Indeed, conditional probabilities of a run continuing in the same direction after several consecutive observations exceed 0.5. However, quote prices do not show such a run tendency. Hence, a random walk hypothesis is refuted in a simple test of a run using tick-by-tick data. In addition, a longer continuous increase of the price tends to be followed by a larger reversal. The findings suggest that those market participants who have access to real-time, tick-by-tick transaction data may have an advantage in predicting exchange rate movements. The findings reported here also lend support to the momentum trading strategy.  相似文献   
7.
This paper considers a price-setting oligopoly model in which labour-managed firms can offer retroactive most-favoured-customer policies as a strategic instrument. The purpose of the paper is to present the equilibrium of the labour-managed oligopoly model with most-favoured-customer pricing and show the effects of the most-favoured-customer policy.  相似文献   
8.
This article examines domestic (respectively, international) mixed competition in which a state-owned welfare-maximizing public firm competes on price with a domestic (respectively, foreign) profit-maximizing private firm. The article presents and compares the equilibrium outcomes of the two mixed models.  相似文献   
9.
This paper examines a continuous‐time mixed model of the strategic investment decisions of a labor‐managed income‐per‐worker‐maximizing firm and a profit‐maximizing firm in a new mixed market and constructs a set of perfect equilibria of the continuous‐time mixed model. The paper shows that there exists a particular equilibrium in which neither firm invests to its steady‐state reaction curve. The paper also finds that the existence of the particular equilibrium depends on each firm's being able to respond quickly to its rival's investment and that the particular equilibrium is profitable for each firm.  相似文献   
10.
This paper examines an international mixed model in which a social-welfare-maximizing domestic public firm competes against a profit-maximizing foreign private firm. First, the public firm can adopt either a lifetime employment contract or a wage-rise contract as strategic commitments. Second, the foreign private firm decides whether or not to enter the market. Third, if the foreign private firm enters, each firm independently chooses its actual output, while if the foreign private firm does not enter, the public firm acts as a monopolist. The paper shows the equilibrium of the international mixed model.
Kazuhiro OhnishiEmail:
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