Lexical Measures of Social Inequality: From Pigou‐Dalton to Hammond

A measure of social inequality is essentially a rational ordering over a space of social distributions. However, different measures, including the most popular ones, may provide very different rankings over the same set of typical distributions. We thus propose an axiomatic approach to inequality measurement mainly based on the Hammond principle, a natural generalization of the Pigou‐Dalton principle, attempting to clarify the true nature of social inequality: the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Under the standard assumptions of anonymity and scale independence, we show that a social inequality ordering is the leximinimax measure if and only if it satisfies the first Hammond principle, and it is the leximaximin measure if and only if it satisfies the second Hammond principle.     

Managing organizational entry in China: the roles of newcomer–supervisor exchange,incumbent support,and perceived insider status

The socialization literature has long recognized the important role of perceived insider status in facilitating newcomer adjustment, but knowledge on how to cultivate this desirable psychological state is limited. This study examines newcomer–supervisor exchange as an antecedent of perceived insider status of newcomers, which in turn facilitates their social adjustment and task mastery during organizational entry. We also explore incumbent support as a boundary condition for these effects. We conducted a survey study on 320 new employees and 92 supervisors in China. This study revealed that newcomer–supervisor exchange was related positively to newcomers’ perceived insider status, and perceived insider status mediated the positive relationships of newcomer–supervisor exchange with social adjustment and task mastery. In addition, incumbent support moderated the positive relationship between newcomer–supervisor exchange and perceived insider status, as well as the positive mediated relationships of newcomer–supervisor exchange with social adjustment and task mastery through perceived insider status. Specifically, these relationships were weaker when incumbent support was higher. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.     

Acquisition of Additional Equity Capital by Small Firms – Findings from the National Survey of Small Business Finances

While the importance of venture capital to the growth of small firms has been widely discussed during the past decade, little is known about the acquisition of additional equity capital, especially internal equity capital, by the majority of small firms in the U.S. This paper utilizes the information collected in the Federal Reserve Board’s 1993 and 1998 Small Business Finance Surveys to investigate the acquisition of additional equity capital by small firms. While the importance of public issue markets and venture capital investment in promoting the growth of small dynamic firms cannot be denied, the importance of external equity capital seems to be overstated. Only a very small number of small firms acquired additional external equity capital. It is the internal equity capital, not external, equity, that is one of the major financing sources for most small firms. We found that younger, lower quality firms were more likely to acquire additional internal equity capital than other firms. There appeared to be a “pecking order” of borrowing from internal sources to traditional lenders to non-traditional lenders. In addition, internal equity capital and debt acquired from traditional and non-traditional lenders appeared to be complementary financial resources.     

不同市值的股票群间的溢出效应研究

本文构建了基于t分布的多变量BEKK-GARCH模型,利用中证100指数、中证200指数、中证500指数代表不同市值的股票群对中国股市进行了实证分析。结果表明,中证200指数和中证500指数对中证100指数有价格溢出效应,而中证100指数对中证200指数与中证500指数却没有溢出效应。中证200指数和中证500指数间没有价格溢出。中证100指数与中证200指数间当期有波动溢出,但是没有持续性;中证100指数对中证500指数有波动溢出,但是中证500指数对中证100指数却没有波动溢出效应;中证200指数和中证500指数间有波动溢出效应。     

基于空间面板STIRPAT模型的省域碳排放研究

本文基于空间面板STIRPAT模型对1996~2010年影响全国省域人均碳排放因素进行研究,结果表明:省域碳排放具有明显的正向空间聚群效应;人均产出、对外贸易、能源强度、能源结构等指标与人均碳排放之间存在正向关系;人口密度、城市化率、产业结构等指标表现出的更多是抑制碳排放的作用。建议:强化区域联防联控的大气污染防治工作机制;推进工业化、城镇化;调整能源结构、产业结构,走可持续绿色低碳发展之路;优化对外贸易结构,推进"走出去"战略。     

我国新型农村社会养老保险制度改革探讨

“新农保”缘起于2002年,是农村社会经济发展的必然要求,也是解决农村人口老龄化问题的根本出路,更是统筹城乡发展的现实需要,但该制度在建立过程中存在资金相对缺乏、制度衔接困难、法律法规不完善、基金管理机制不健全等问题,应进一步加强法制建设、实施法律保障,优化制度设计、解决制度碎片化问题,加强政府财政投入力度、夯实物质基础,改进管理方式、提升养老金增值水平。     

Growing East Asia

It was a busy exchanging period of East Asia in recent days. From October 28 to 31, 2007 the fourth China-ASEAN Expo (CAEXPO) and the fourth China-ASEAN Business and Investment Summit (CABIS) were held concurrently in Nanning, capital city of Guangxi Province in China. In the Expo,China witnessed a turnout of over 33,000 trade visitors and over 180 investment cooperation projects with ASEAN.     

从《译者的任务》看原文与译作之间的关系

瓦尔特·本雅明(1892-1940)在1923年发表的<译者的任务>中指出,翻译的要务不是在于忠于原文而是在于原作经由翻译产生蜕变获得新生,这就是所谓原文的新生,是在译文的文化世界里所衍生出来的.笔者认为他的翻译观不仅是反传统的,而且还调和了传统翻译观中看似不能解决的冲突与矛盾,是一种和谐的翻译观.     

社会资本、非正式制度和农业企业发展:机制抑或路径

受传统文化的影响,与社会资本有关的非正式制度对农业企业发展的影响更为深刻,作为非正式制度的社会资本与正式制度之间存在替代、互补关系。建立社会资本、非正式制度与企业发展的分析框架,并以广东东进农牧集团为讨论对象,探讨社会资本和非正式制度对农业龙头企业的作用机理及其作用路径选择。