Winning us with trifles: Adverse selection in the use of philanthropy as insurance

Research Summary: We study the use of corporate philanthropy as a form of reputation insurance, developing a formal model of such insurance to examine how the terms of insurance in equilibrium change under different assumptions about the firm and its stakeholders. We then test the predictions from this model in the U.S. petroleum industry and find that philanthropic donations offer insurance‐like benefits, but are also positively associated with subsequent oil spills—firms that give more, spill more—with this association being stronger for spills that are under firms’ control and in states with low civic capacity. These results are consistent with an adverse selection/moral hazard equilibrium and suggest that the use of philanthropy as reputation insurance may benefit firms at the cost of society. Managerial Summary: Firms that donate to social causes develop a reputation for being socially responsible, and are often given the benefit of doubt when negative information about them comes to light. But are philanthropic firms truly more responsible? We argue that firms that donate more may be more likely to do harm—those that expect to do harm later are likely to give more now, and those that know their reputation protects them may become less careful. Evidence from the U.S. petroleum industry is consistent with this argument, with firms that give more having more subsequent oil spills, but only the type of spills that are under the firm's control, and only in states where the firm faces weaker scrutiny.     

省思与规制:我国跨境期货交易法律困境及应对

我国推进期货市场"走出去"及国际化战略须以跨境期货交易法律机制构建为前提。文章通过厘定跨境期货交易内涵边界及监管正当性,省思主要法律困境及应对思路,提出应致力于跨境期货交易立法监管理念创新,确立跨境交易监管认同机制,提升跨境期货衍生品交易经纪能力,适度扩大衍生品跨境投资参与主体范围,逐步取消QDII投资品种限制,并从跨境期货交易运行保障、立法监管、风险控制以及解纷机制等方面建构系统法律保护体系,切实保障跨境交易整体性金融安全。     

我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的思考

[目的]文章在供给侧改革视角下对水稻供需的结构性矛盾等方面进行梳理,分析基于供给侧改革战略的关键环节、实施路径和未来发展趋势,以期为制定我国水稻供给侧改革战略提供参考。[方法]采用文献分析法和调查研究法,从我国水稻生产供求结构、价格"天花板"和成本"地板"双重挤压、水稻生产的资源环境、市场调节等方面分析了我国水稻产业供给侧的现状和存在的问题;通过日本、泰国、中国五常大米政策特点和经验教训的启示,提出了我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的策略。[结果]在分析我国水稻产业供给侧现状的基础上,总结得出水稻产业供给侧改革措施:优化水稻产业空间和功能布局,以项目带动水稻产业结构调整,提高和优化稻米品种品质结构、审定标准向抗性优质专用水稻品种倾斜,因地制宜调减水稻生产面积,调整国家收储稻米标准,延长水稻全产业链等。[结论]加速我国水稻产业供给侧改革,能促进稻米产业结构快速升级,有效破解稻米产业的结构性矛盾,增强我国稻米产业可持续发展能力和国际竞争力。     

基于IPA分析的西安江村沟垃圾填埋场 景观生态修复策略

通过对西安江村沟垃圾填埋场内及周边村民生活生产区共57处土壤进行实测与问卷调查，运用IPA分析方法，从村民景观生态感知角度出发，探讨村民对周边垃圾填埋场实际景观生态感知与期望之间的关系，以及影响村民景观生态感知的重要因素，得出景观生态满意度模型。对影响景观生态感知因素的重要性与满意度进行测量，同时生成IPA表现值与期望值，并以此为依据结合土壤实验结论，运用景观生态恢复技术，对垃圾填埋场的景观生态恢复提出了相关设计策略。     

Portfolio manager home-country culture and mutual fund risk-taking

I find that home-country culture affects portfolio managers’ investment risk-taking and performance. I focus on security value, which measures the degree to which people in a country assign importance to security, safety, and stability. Funds managed by managers from countries with higher security value exhibit lower fund return volatility, trade less frequently, and follow benchmarks more closely. These funds also tend to avoid lottery-type stocks and hence perform significantly better. However, the impact of home-country security value decays as managers spend more time away from their home countries.     

论农村闲置宅基地与农房收储的制度构建

农村闲置宅基地与农房收储制度是全面推进乡村振兴背景下盘活利用闲置宅基地与农房的前提和基础.目前,在深化宅基地制度改革中,仅有少数地区进行了探索,尚未形成系统的收储制度.闲置宅基地与农房收储的实践探索主要分为村集体主导和政府主导两种模式.闲置宅基地与农房收储制度应从制定收储指导意见、设置管理模式及机构、明确收储条件和补偿标准、强化收储资金保障、健全收储程序、完善收储监管与责任等方面进行系统构建.闲置宅基地与农房收储后可通过复垦复耕统筹使用,纳入集体经营性建设用地并入市流转,发展休闲农业和乡村旅游产业,兴办厂房、仓储或发展特色产业等路径,激活"沉睡"闲置的宅基地与农房,实现宅基地与农房由资产到资金的蜕变.     

浅析铁路建设项目竣工图编制标准化管理

竣工图是高速铁路建设国家档案验收的重要组成部分,影响着工程验收的质量.依据现行技术规范和实际经验,总结铁路建设项目竣工图编制中出现的关键问题,进而加强竣工图编制管理准标化,提高铁路建设项目档案验收质量.     

Evaluation method of benefits and efficiency of grid investment in China: A case study

The existing evaluation system for power grid investment in China has not combined measures of the investment benefits and investment efficiency very well and it lacks practical reference value. This article proposes an improved evaluation index system of the benefits and efficiency of power grid investment projects. The system divides the evaluation method into indexes. This includes the basic indexes, modification indexes, and appraisal indexes that evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of the investment projects comprehensively. It considers the overall efficiency in terms of the economy, technology, and society. It combines an absolute efficiency evaluation model with a data envelope analysis relative efficiency evaluation model. Finally, the benefits and efficiency of investment of an actual power grid project are evaluated through a case study. The results show the practical value of the proposed efficiency evaluation method for evaluating investment projects in a power grid.     

Business Ties and Information Advantage: Evidence from Mutual Fund Trading

This article examines whether ties to portfolio firms’ management via pension business relationships provide mutual funds with an informational advantage. Funds become related to portfolio companies when fund families serve as trustees for firms’ employee pension plans. Selling by related funds is more likely to be motivated by an information advantage than their buying, because the latter is heavily influenced by the desire to secure pension inflows. We find that stocks with larger net sales by related funds experience lower future returns. Information appears related to firm fundamentals, as the return predictability of related funds’ selling concentrates in stocks with negative future earnings surprises. Consistent with an information‐based explanation, the predictive power of related funds’ selling for future returns is more pronounced when information uncertainty about the stock is higher. Our results contribute to a growing literature that shows the sources of informed trading by institutions.     

民办院校有机化学实验多元化教学模式探索

民办院校把有机化学实验作为有机化学教学的重要组成部分,多元化教学模式主要从教学方法与手段、教学内容、学习方式、考评体系等方面进行多元化教学模式探索。建立以微课视频、翻转课堂、问题引导,依托基础性实验、综合型实验和创新型实验,依托多元化信息化的教学手段雨课堂、虚拟仿真情景模拟实验、超星尔雅平台,融合多种教学方法,结合“线下”翻转课堂,建立多元化教学模式。这种多元化教学模式能有效提高学生的学习主动性和创新能力。