排序方式: 共有53条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Raymundo M. Campos‐Vazquez Emmanuel Chavez Gerardo Esquivel 《The World Economy》2017,40(12):2639-2675
This paper analyses the relationship between mean income and the income of the rich. Our methodology closely follows that of Dollar and Kraay (Journal of Economic Growth, 2002, 7, 195), but instead of looking at the bottom of the distribution, we focus on the top. We use panel data from the World Top Incomes database, which collects top income data from several countries using tax returns as the raw source. We define the “rich” as earners in the top 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% of the income distribution. Using data since 1980, we find that economic growth is good for the rich in the sense that the mean income of the top decile of the distribution grows in the same proportion as that of the whole population. However, we also find that the income of earners in the top percentile of the distribution and above grows faster than average income: therefore, economic growth is really good for the really rich. We also find that during economic downturns the average income of top earners responds proportionally less to changes in mean income than during economic expansions. Our results are consistent with the increase in inequality that has been recently observed at the top part of the distribution in many countries, and they are robust to different specifications, country samples and time observations. 相似文献
2.
Juciara Nunes de Alcântara Nádia Campos Pereira Bruhn Heloísa Rosa de Carvalho Cristina Lelis Leal Calegario 《Latin American Business Review》2013,14(3):177-205
Recently, the global economy assumed a new setting in which emerging economies began to make substantial investments in the international market. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of outward foreign direct investment from Brazil from 2002–2011. The proposed models developed included attractiveness of the host country, characteristics of home country, and firms’ strategies. The results corroborate the existing argumentations concerning adaptation of mainstream theory with respect to the realities of emerging economies. Brazilian multinationals do not internationalize their activities in pursuit of cost reduction, efficiency, or to explore new markets or natural resources of the host countries. Results show that Brazilian investments were attracted by the availability of skilled labor, openness of the host market, geographic proximity, improved financial conditions of Brazilian companies, and national companies’ strategy of reaffirmation and consolidation as global players. 相似文献
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4.
Ana Cláudia Campos Julio Mendes Patricia Oom do Valle Noel Scott 《Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing》2013,30(9):1309-1336
This study examines the on-site co-creation experience from a tourist perspective. A review of the literature and in-depth interviews with tourists who participated in a ‘swimming with dolphins’ experience are used to explore the importance of co-creation in enhancing attention and the memorability of the experience. Findings suggest that the co-creation experience influences memorability by focusing the tourist’s attention. This study contributes to the conceptualization of co-creation in the field of tourism by substantiating the usefulness of a psychologically based approach to experience design. 相似文献
5.
Gabriel Rodrigo Gomes Pessanha Nádia Campos Pereira Bruhn Cristina Lelis Leal Calegario Thelma Sáfadi Leiziane Neves de Ázara 《Latin American Business Review》2013,14(4):333-357
The main objective of this research was to investigate the impacts caused by announcements of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the volatility of the returns of Brazilian bank stocks from 1994 to 2015. In order to achieve the proposed objective, this study applied Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) class models to the series to model their volatility. Our results confirmed the impact of the announcement of M&As on volatility. They suggest that M&A announcements are expected to cause a negative reaction if related to an expansion or a deal involving a less-well known bank, and a positive reaction if it involves well-known bank with good reputation—a higher level of confidence and a lower level of information asymmetry for investors. 相似文献
6.
Many European governments still advocate a so-called ‘cultural exception’, intended to protect consumers and smaller bookshops,
to keep their book markets isolated from competition. Other countries, with similar aims in mind, have chosen liberalization
schemes instead. To reconcile these opposing views, this paper provides a theoretical framework to study the textbook market,
depicting it as dominated by two simultaneous forces: horizontal differentiation among booksellers and a vertical relationship
between publishers and bookshops. Using this model, we analyse the effects of alternative price schemes on the market structure
and how potential benefits from price liberalization are influenced by the number (and size of) booksellers. 相似文献
7.
Studies have shown that exposure to sponsorship can influence behavior. However, evidence of the effectiveness of sports advertising and its influence on alcohol consumption is inconclusive. The goal of this research is to examine whether sponsorship by alcohol products receives the same attention as sponsorship by nonalcohol products depending on their congruence and the way they influence the intention to consume. Using sports posters, an experiment was performed to measure attention through eye-tracking. The results show that attention paid to alcohol brands is no greater than the attention paid to incongruent brands and is no different from the attention paid to congruent brands, regardless of gender and sporting discipline. Attention paid to sponsors has no influence on the intention to consume. These results show the need for further research on the effectiveness of sponsorship and its relationship with alcohol consumption. 相似文献
8.
Motivated by the dominant role of cross-country heterogeneity in private saving in the creation of Eurozone imbalances over the past decade, we empirically investigate the determinants of private saving for a sample of 30 OECD countries over the period 1990–2010. In addition to standard macroeconomic variables, we include three country-specific cultural indicators, derived from the World and European Value Surveys. We find these three variables—thrift, trust and religiosity—to significantly contribute to the explanation of cross country saving heterogeneity both for the OECD group at large and for the Eurozone countries separately. 相似文献
9.
Paulo Duarte Susana Costa e Silva Ana Margarida Sintra Pisco João Moreira de Campos 《食品市场学杂志》2013,19(7):754-770
The purpose of this article is to explore foods companies’ knowledge of food trends and assess how orthorexia nervosa may affect food companies’ marketing decisions. Data was gathered through a multiple case-study approach, and four semi-structured interviews to CEOs/CMOs of food companies from four distinct non-competing sectors of the food industry. The results show that although marketing managers are conscious of the existence of consumer behavior changes regarding food habits, they are not particularly concerned neither interested in micro-segments as they are not profitable. Despite the deficiencies on CMOs’ knowledge of particular food trends they declare to be attentive to the changes in consumer behavior and prepared to respond to competitors moves. This research adds to the existing knowledge on the food industry since it is the first study to explore the impact of food trends on food companies’ management marketing decisions from the company point of view. 相似文献
10.
Abstract. It is well-known that the legal form adopted by a firm determines the type of legal responsibility borne by its owners in
case of bankruptcy. In this paper we argue that a firm under a limited liability status should be characterized by a higher
than average bankruptcy probability, which ultimately captures their risk exposure when output is affected by exogenous shocks.
To test this prediction we extend Lee's (1976) switching regressions model to a panel dataset of 1313 Spanish firms from 1990–1994,
separating them into corporate and entrepreneurial forms (with/without limited liability, respectively). We consider both
random effects and fixed effects panel data models, taking into account the potential endogeneity between risk exposure and
the legal form choice. Our results confirm the hypothesis that firms under limited liability have significant higher risk
exposure than firms under unlimited liability.
The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable suggestions from Maite Martínez-Granado, A. Jorge Padilla, Javier Suárez and two
anonymous referees. Data and financial support provided by the Fundación Empresa Pública (Madrid) and comments from participants
at seminars held at CEMFI, Simposio de Análisis Económico and Universidad de Vigo are also sincerely appreciated. Mr. Campos
particularly acknowledges research funding by the University of Las Palmas. 相似文献