Influence of livelihoods on climate change adaptation for smallholder farmers in the Mekong Delta Vietnam

Farmers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta face a wide range of climate-related and hydrological factors which threaten rice production. Smallholder farmers must adapt to climate change to sustain rice production as their central and most important livelihood activity. A sample was stratified across agro-ecological areas in the Delta affected by flooding, alluvial soils, acid sulphate soils, and saline water intrusion and by derived farmer typologies. A rural livelihoods approach was used in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to identify and enumerate enabling and constraining adaptation factors. Smallholders experienced diverse natural hazards such as floods, abnormal rains, high temperatures, water scarcity, and salinity intrusion specific to the agro-ecological areas. Adaptation was constrained by labour shortages, water quality, topography, access to combine harvesters, transportation infrastructure, dryers and household savings. Adaptation was enabled by farming techniques and experience, cooperative groups, water quantity, access to information, and ability to purchase agro-chemicals through credit. Small farmers (< 1?ha) were more constrained than large farmers (> 1?ha) who had an expanded livelihood asset base. A range of policy implications are discussed, but adaptation is not just about technological fixes but requires overall improvements in a range of human, social and financial components.     

规范会计理论与实证会计理论哲学比较

规范会计理论以会计假设为逻辑起点,经过严密的逻辑推理形成一套关于会计“应该是什么”的知识体系,实证会计理论人实际会计行为出发,应用“成本－效益”原则建立各种会计模型,规范会计理论的前提缺乏可验证性,只能神为科学“假说”,而实证会计应用科学方法进行个案研究验证,结论往往受到资料的真实性,代表性和选择资料的倾向性影响,即使正确,也难以形成理论体系。     

福建省企业技术创新的现状、问题与对策

我国已加入WTO,国内国际市场将完全统一。福建的工业企业,如何迅速提高综合竞争能力,是一个迫在眉睫的课题。我们认为,强化企业技术创新是提高福建省工业企业综合竞争能力的关键所在。 一、福建省企业技术创新状况 1、政府对科技扶持力度加强。2000年福建省地方财政科技三项拨款5.12亿元,比上年     

基于风险矩阵的风险投资项目风险评估

在对国内外风险投资项目风险评估方法进行分析的基础上,主要对风险矩阵方法在风险投资项目风险评估中的应用进行了探讨,构建了用于风险投资项目风险评估的风险矩阵,设计了利用风险矩阵进行风险评估的基本流程,以期为风险投资项目的风险评估提供一种科学、合理、简单易行的评估方法。     

Drivers of research impact: evidence from the top three finance journals

We study the characteristics of all published papers in the top three finance journals (JF, JFE and RFS), and how these paper characteristics affect the number of citations in Google Scholar and the Web of Science database. First, we find the characteristics in the universalist perspective remain constant while the characteristics in the constructivist and presentation perspectives increase over time. Second, some characteristics are significantly different between the high-impact and the low-impact papers. Third, paper quality, research method, journal placement and paper age are the most important drivers. Last, different drivers play different roles in different journals.     

探析我国产业结构调整的两大制约因素

本轮经济危机将长期以来我国产业结构中存在的一些突出问题充分暴露出来，调结构成了危机后的一致呼声。在影响我国产业结构调整的众多因素中，收入分配结构的失调和自主创新能力的不足是两个主要的方面。前者会通过对国内消费需求的抑制，需求结构的影响及要素价格的扭曲而制约产业结构的调整；后者则会造成核心产业和核心技术的缺失，使产业结构固化在低水平状态，失去升级的动力。     

漫谈执行力

<正>前不久,听到这样一则故事,大意是:有一位猎人去狩猎,发现了一只兔子。他举枪击中了兔子的一条腿,然后命令猎狗去追赶。过了一会儿,猎狗气喘吁吁地空口而归,说道:"我尽力了,但没追上。"兔子逃回了窝,向同伴们讲述了刚才惊险的一幕,说:"我是拼命跑回来的,要不就没命了"。     

绿色信贷对产业升级的作用机理与效应分析

绿色信贷通过资金形成、资金导向和资金催化三大机制的作用,促进我国产业结构优化和产业的高级化发展。然而分析表明,绿色信贷实施以来,我国产业升级的实际效应并不显著。主要原因是环境信息不对称、企业环境风险成本不合理以及民众监督缺位等导致绿色信贷的实施效果大打折扣。因此,解决环境保护的激励机制和完善环境风险管理体系,是提升绿色信贷对产业升级作用的关键。     

发展我国农村信用体系的现实困境与创新探析

"三农"问题一直是党和国家非常关心的问题。当前,随着我国新农村建设的稳步推进,人们生活水平逐步提高,取得了巨大的成绩,但同时,我国农村信用体系的建设却不尽人意,农户及农村中小企业的资金需求难以得到满足,究其原因就是我国农村信用体系建设不够完善。本文从理论角度出发,对我国农村信用体系的涵义进行了阐述,介绍了当前我国构建农村信用体系的紧迫性,并分析了影响当前我国农村信用体系建设的因素,结合我国实际发展国情,对农村信用体系的构建提出可行性发展建议。