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1.
Brian O’Neill Dinesh Mohan 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2020,27(1):3-11
AbstractNot long after the beginnings of motorization in the early 1900s, deaths and injuries from motor vehicle crashes became a problem in a number of high-income-countries (HIC)s, especially the United States. With the biggest problem the US led early efforts to address this issue, and for six decades these efforts were based on folklore (ie a body of widely held but false or unsubstantiated beliefs). They were not evaluated, but clearly were unsuccessful as crash deaths and injuries continued to rise. It was not until the 1970s that a broader range of countermeasures began to be adopted and was scientifically evaluated, and as a result, crash deaths and injuries declined. This history has important lessons today for many low-and-middle-income countries that have growing numbers of motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries, many of which are pedestrians and motorcyclists. This is because there continue to be advocates for many of the failed approaches (especially educational) that dominated the early efforts in HICs. 相似文献
2.
Modeling Methods for Discrete Choice Analysis 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
Ben-Akiva Moshe Mcfadden Daniel Abe Makoto Böckenholt Ulf Bolduc Denis Gopinath Dinesh Morikawa Takayuki Ramaswamy Venkatram Rao Vithala Revelt David Steinberg Dan 《Marketing Letters》1997,8(3):273-286
This paper introduces new forms, sampling and estimation approaches fordiscrete choice models. The new models include behavioral specifications oflatent class choice models, multinomial probit, hybrid logit, andnon-parametric methods. Recent contributions also include new specializedchoice based sample designs that permit greater efficiency in datacollection. Finally, the paper describes recent developments in the use ofsimulation methods for model estimation. These developments are designed toallow the applications of discrete choice models to a wider variety ofdiscrete choice problems. 相似文献
3.
Most models of social preferences and bounded rationality that are effective in explaining efficiency‐increasing departures from equilibrium behavior cannot easily account for similar deviations when they are efficiency‐reducing. We show that the notion of sampling equilibrium, subject to a suitable stability refinement, can account for behavior in both efficiency‐enhancing and efficiency‐reducing conditions. In particular, in public goods games with dominant strategy equilibria, stable sampling equilibrium can involve the play of dominated strategies with positive probability both when such behavior increases aggregate payoffs (relative to the standard prediction) and when it reduces aggregate payoffs. The dominant strategy equilibrium prediction changes abruptly from zero contribution to full contribution as a parameter crosses a threshold, whereas the stable sampling equilibrium remains fully mixed throughout. This is consistent with the available experimental evidence. 相似文献
4.
Vijay Sethi Anand Jeyaraj Kevin Duffy Berkwood Farmer 《Journal Of Asia-Pacific Business》2017,18(4):262-274
Educators continue to utilize add-ons, extensions, or replacements to traditional Learning Management Systems (LMSs) to supplement capabilities and improve the classroom experience. This work resulted in the design and development of the Education Dashboards for Enhanced Learning (EDEL) template. The EDEL template enables faculty members to create dynamic web spaces called Knowledge Portals (KPortals). A semester-long introduction of KPortals proved to be positive and useful. Students tended to view the KPortal as a “go-to” webspace. The authors hope to refine the template in future studies and examine its usefulness in other countries. 相似文献
5.
6.
S. Prakash Sethi 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,43(1-2):21-31
Large corporations are coming under intense pressure to act in a socially responsible manner. Corporations have accepted this notion provided that it is exercised voluntarily. It has also been argued that corporations can do well by doing good, and that good ethics is good business. This paper presents an alternative viewpoint by demonstrating that while voluntary socially responsible conduct is desirable, it plays a rather small role in inspiring good corporate conduct. Instead, (a) it is the external economic-competitive conditions that define the parameters and opportunities for good corporate conduct; and (b) the values and traditions of the corporations, and their perceived risk in exploiting those opportunities, that influence the extent of a corporation's socially responsible conduct. The framework presented here analyzes certain market-competitive conditions, which determine the scope and direction of socially responsible corporate conduct, and the instruments available to society to enhance ethical corporate conduct. It suggests that from society's perspective, we should move away from the notion of corporate social responsibility and toward corporate social accountability. Most modern economies operate under conditions of imperfect competition where corporations gain above-normal profits, i.e., market rent, from market imperfections. Therefore, corporations should be held accountable for a more equitable distribution of these above-normal profits with other groups, e.g., customers, employees, etc., who were deprived of their market-based gains because of market imperfections and corporate power. Three approaches are suggested for measuring corporate accountability through corrections. These are: information imbalance, bargaining power imbalance, and, adjudication, remedy and relief imbalance. 相似文献
7.
Adarsh Kumar Mathew Varghese Dinesh Mohan 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2013,20(3):175-186
Injuries related to agricultural equipment are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, in both high-income and low-income countries. Tractors are most often associated with severe injuries and fatalities. All age groups sustain injuries. Injuries to children are also prevalent because the sites of agricultural work overlap homes in rural areas. In the majority of papers reviewed, preventive methods are mostly targeted at behaviour modification and effective medical facilities, whereas only a few authors have highlighted design changes and passive measures for injury control. The effectiveness of suggested interventions is not discussed in the majority of papers except those related to roll-over protection structures, fodder cutting machines and thresher safety devices. 相似文献
8.
S. Prakash Sethi David B. Lowry Emre A. Veral H. Jack Shapiro Olga Emelianova 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,103(1):1-30
Environmental degradation and extractive industry are inextricably linked, and the industry’s adverse impact on air, water,
and ground resources has been exacerbated with increased demand for raw materials and their location in some of the more environmentally
fragile areas of the world. Historically, companies have managed to control calls for regulation and improved, i.e., more
expensive, mining technologies by (a) their importance in economic growth and job creation or (b) through adroit use of their
economic power and bargaining leverage against weak national governments, regional and international regulatory bodies. More
recently, the industry has had to contend with another set of challenges that involved treatment of indigenous people and
their traditional land rights, fair treatment of workers, human rights abuses, and bribery and corruption involving local
officials and political leaders. These challenges currently fall outside the traditional areas of regulation and control.
Nevertheless, they pose serious threat to the industry’s business practices because of their global scope, threat to company’s
reputation, and long-term risks of political instability leading to increasing cost of capital. Industry has responded to
these challenges by creating voluntary codes of conduct that would signify their intent to comply with higher standards of
conduct, and assuage public opinion that no further action is called for. These codes, however, lack any monitoring mechanism
and reporting integrity to assure the public that the industry members are indeed meeting their commitments. Consequently,
pressure on the industry continues unabated and with ever increasing calls for mandatory regulation and oversight. This article
examines the activities of one mining company, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc., which has taken a radically different
approach in responding to these challenges at its mining operations in West Papua, Indonesia. While cooperating with industry-based
efforts of voluntary codes of conduct, Freeport also initiated a radically different response through its own voluntary code
that would directly focus on issues of human rights, treatment of indigenous people on whose traditional land its mine was
located; economic development and job creation and, improvements in health, education, and housing facilities, to name a few.
Additionally, the company earmarked large sums of money and involved representatives of the indigenous people in their management
and disbursement. The company took an even more radical action when it committed itself to independent external audits of
the company’s compliance with the code, and that these findings and company’s responses would be made public without prior
censorship by the company. We analyze the nature of corporate culture, vision and risk-taking propensities of its management
that would impel the company to embark on a high risk strategy whose outcomes could not be predicted with any degree of certainty
before the fact. The parent company also had to confront discontent among the management ranks at the mine site because of
cultural differences and management styles of expatriates and local (Indonesian) managers. Finally, we discuss in some detail
the extensive and intensive character of a two phase audit conducted by the outside monitors, their findings, and the process
by which they were implemented and reported to general public. We also evaluate the strengths and challenges posed by such
audits, their importance to the company’s future, and how such projects might be undertaken by other companies. 相似文献
9.
An Empirical Analysis of the Extreme Cherry Picking Behavior of Consumers in the Frequently Purchased Goods Market 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Extreme cherry pickers are customers who seek price deals and excessively avail themselves of deep discount offers, which generates negative profits for retailers. This study uses market transaction and primary consumer survey data to provide insights into the determinants, prevalence, and profit impacts of such behavior in the frequently purchased goods market. We find that the extreme cherry picking segment is small (about 2% of all shoppers), but its relative value varies across stores, and consumers manifest this behavior only in secondary stores. An inverse U-shaped relationship marks consumers’ opportunity costs for cross-store price search and likelihood of extreme cherry picking behavior. Finally, we also find that a loss leader promotional strategy adds to retailers’ bottom lines, despite the pure loss generated by extreme cherry pickers. 相似文献
10.
The present study provides and tests a conceptual framework aimed at comparing the relative effectiveness of celebrity–user, brand–celebrity, and user–brand personality congruence on brand attitude and brand purchase intention (BPI) thereafter. The data collection was done via an online survey of a representative group of consumers (n = 431) located across India. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis with mediation approach. The results indicate that while user–brand and brand–celebrity personality congruence have a significant impact on brand attitude and purchase intention, celebrity–user congruence does not. Further, brand attitude is found to be a partial mediator on the relationship between the pair-wise personality congruence on BPI. The findings have major implications for marketers in understanding the significance of personality congruence among celebrity–brand–user in the formation of brand attitude and purchase intention that can be used in positioning and in increasing the advertising effectiveness of brands using celebrity endorsement. The present study is a pioneer in contributing to the celebrity endorsement literature by investigating the relative impact of three pairs of personality congruence: celebrity–brand, brand–user, and celebrity–user, on brand attitude and BPI, thereby supporting the applicability of McCracken's Meaning Transfer Model [McCracken (1989), The Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (3) 310–321) and the Hierarchy-of-effects model (Lavidge and Steiner (1961), Journal of Marketing, 25 (6) 59–62]. 相似文献