新兴市场国家的汇率波动与出口:一个经验分析

现有的中外文献已经对发达国家间的汇率波动与贸易之间的关系做了很多相关分析，但就汇率波动与贸易之间的关系没有取得一致性的结论。本文利用协整分析和误差修正模型，针对新兴市场国家的汇率波动与出口的关系进行了经验分析，结论是：汇率波动会在一定程度上抑制新兴市场国家的出口，但对某些新兴市场国家出口的影响并不明显，其影响程度随一国经济发展水平、经济规模和开放度的差异而有所区别。     

Are EU trade preferences really effective? An impact evaluation assessment of the Southern Mediterranean Countries’ case

This work assesses the causal impact of the EU trade preferences granted to the Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs) in agriculture and fishery products over the period 2004–2014. It overcomes some of the weaknesses of previous assessments and presents several methodological improvements. Firstly, it relies on a continuous treatment – i.e. preferential margins – to capture the ‘average treatment effect’ of trade preferences, rather than on a binary treatment based on dummy variables. Secondly, it uses highly disaggregated data at sectoral level in order to evaluate properly the preferential treatment. Thirdly, it applies a non-parametric matching technique for continuous treatment – specifically, a generalized propensity score matching. The results show, on the one hand, that the impact of the EU preferences is positive and significant on SMCs trade and is better evaluated using impact evaluation techniques. On the other hand, they demonstrate that the relationship between preferences and trade flows is asymmetric and warn against the risk of providing too much of a good thing. These results raise important issues for policy-making. First, they demonstrate that raising the level of preferences is not the solution to foster the SMCs trade towards EU. Second, that the policy-makers should put more emphasis on complementary factors other than trade barriers.     

中国与中亚5国农产品贸易的互补性分析

中亚5国与中国毗邻,双方在农业领域的合作前景十分广阔,随着上海合作组织区域经济合作的不断深入,中国与中亚5国农产品贸易增长迅速。本文运用修正的显示性比较优势指数、贸易强度指数和产业内贸易指数对中国与中亚5国农产品贸易互补性进行了实证分析。研究表明:中国与中亚5国在农产品生产要素和农产品贸易方面均存在互补性,且贸易互补性与生产要素的互补性相吻合。然而,双边贸易规模还较小,双方潜在的互补性未能充分转化为现实的互利性,因此,中国要加强与中亚5国的农产品贸易合作。     

美国量化宽松政策对亚太新兴市场国家的影响

量化宽松是美联储在通货紧缩下所采取的一种直接创造货币、扩大央行资产负债表规模的非传统货币政策。量化宽松将给我国等新兴市场国家造成较大的负面效果,建议采取临时性资本管制、针对性量化政策、建立区域货币离岸市场、加快经济结构转型等对策来应对。     

中国新疆与中亚五国对外经济发展水平比较

本文利用国际国内最新数据,从整体经济发展水平比较出发,通过进出口、外国直接投资、国际旅游等三方面指标,比较中国新疆与中亚五国的对外经济发展水平,并通过经济外向度综合指数做出进一步比较分析。总体而言,新疆经济对外开放水平与中亚五国相比有较大差距,需要在政策措施上加大力度,提高对外开放水平,特别是加快向西开放的步伐。     

Towards a strategic model of employment reform in developing countries: explaining and remedying experience to date

The article argues for the importance of employment reform as a subject for international HRM scholarship. Employment reform has been one of the most significant, but also most neglected, recent initiatives in international HRM. Explanations by the World Bank and IMF for the poorer than expected outcomes of reform to date emphasize the importance of political commitment. They are compared with explanations for the similarly poor outcomes of downsizing in industrialized country organizations, which emphasize strategy, diagnosis, incrementalism and provision for retrenchees. Further clarification is provided by the results of field interviews in Ghana, Malaysia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Uganda and the UK. The article argues for a strategic approach to employment reform, one based on diagnosis and drawing on HRM expertise. It should take account of process factors in reform, make provision for the 'victims' of reform, loosen the link between employment reform and pay reform, and refine the role of donors in supporting reform. HRM practitioners and scholars have an important contribution to make to developing a new approach.     

On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya: A Model‐Based Approach

We develop a semi‐structural new‐Keynesian open‐economy model – with separate food and non‐food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. To do so, we filter international and Kenyan data (on output, inflation and its components, exchange rates and interest rates) through the model to recover a model‐based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps) – including for the international and domestic relative price of food. We use the filtration exercise to recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. We find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate. We also discuss the implications of this exercise for the use of model‐based monetary policy analysis in sub‐Saharan African countries.     

新疆丝绸之路经济带核心区建设探析

新疆得天独厚的区位优势、人文优势以及资源优势等使其具备成为丝绸之路经济带核心区的基础条件、优势和潜力,未来将成为我国新的经济增长极,在丝绸之路经济带建设中具有不可替代的地位。面对机遇与挑战,新疆应通过准确战略定位、创新政府管理、加强与周边国家的互联互通以及争取国家给予相应的倾斜政策来建设核心区。     

要素禀赋、制度特征与FDI流动——基于投资引力模型的实证分析

本文在投资引力模型的基础上,将东道国的要素禀赋、制度特征等因素引入其中,就二者与FDI流动的关系,诸因素交叉项与FDI流动的关系及东道国制度差异对FDI流动的影响进行了实证分析。结果发现：东道国的经济规模和双边贸易距离对FDI流动具有普遍性影响。东道国的要素禀赋、制度质量、历史经历及加入相关组织对FDI流入具有重要影响。因此,现实背景下中国要想吸引优质FDI流入,就必须靠好的制度安排来实现,通过增强制度的＂拉力＂（引进来）及＂推力＂（走出去）,为中国的引资及对外投资提供＂高能化、清洁化＂的动力。     

东盟国家落入“中等收入陷阱”的原因与教训

马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等东盟四国,从低收入状态进入中等收入水平后,经济增长回落或长期停滞,落入“中等收入陷阱”。这既有产业转型升级困难、创新能力不足等经济因素,也有贫富差距不断扩大、政局不断动荡等社会原因,还有国际经济环境改变等外部因素。当前我国处于上中收入国家阶段,要从东盟四国落入“中等收入陷阱”中吸取经验教训,促进发展方式的彻底转变,才能成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”。