基于认知视角的创业机会发展过程研究

理性创业时代背景下，如何把握创业机会已成为创业者普遍关心的问题。选取34位创业者作为研究样本，运用文本挖掘和多案例匹配分析方法对创业机会发展过程进行分析、编码，探究创业行为背后的认知机制。研究发现，在机会发现或创造阶段，创业者通过反事实思维推动的创业警觉和创业拼凑两种途径形成创意，并经过新旧认知体系的排斥与趋同形成心智模型，以揭示创业机会发现或创造的认知机制；在机会评估阶段，创业者通过对风险—收益感觉与知觉的多轮反复交互，形成第一人称机会信念和第三人称机会评估，由此揭示创业机会评估的认知机制；在机会开发阶段，创业者形成机会开发内外两种机制，外在机制围绕“探索导向—商业模式创新—新企业成长”展开，内在机制围绕换位思考、效果推理等认知因素推动企业创新、资源获取展开。结论对丰富创业认知理论和管理实践具有重要意义。     

我国低碳发展面临的挑战和机遇

低碳发展与转变发展方式高度一致。我国温室气体排放强度已得到一定程度的控制,但在自主创新能力、能源发展战略、森林资源发展和湿地保护诸方面,仍面临着严峻挑战,经济增长与二氧化碳控制之间的矛盾十分突出。我们应立足国情,以节约能源、优化能源结构、增强碳汇为重点,以科技进步和制度创新为动力,在工业化完成阶段尽快从相对减排走向绝对减排。     

宝鸡天水合作的机遇·挑战·途径——关天规划颁布两周年之际的思考

2009年6月25日,国务院发布了《关中―天水经济区发展规划》。依靠关天规划区,宝鸡和天水应紧抓机遇谋发展。宝鸡要在关天经济区中率先发展。宝鸡和天水的软硬环境已经得到极大改善,产业投资的集聚效应逐步凸显,为跨越式发展奠定了坚实基础。宝鸡和天水两地要有忧患意识,共谋加速发展。关天经济区地处亚欧大陆桥中心,处于承东启西、联接南北的战略要地,是我国西部地区经济基础较好、自然条件优越、人文历史深厚、发展潜力较大的地区。用秦文化纽带连络天水宝鸡,发展秦文化旅游业,带动两地经济社会全面发展,以此来推动区域经济发展,具有较强的操作性。     

Measuring the quality of managerial learning on the job

This article describes the development of an instrument to measure the quality of managerial learning on the job. The instrument can be used to analyse the quality of the individual learning process on the job. The literature shows that two factors determine the quality of the learning process: the learning potential of the job context and the way in which the manager approaches their work. So the instrument has two components. The first component measures the four types of work experience that offer potential opportunities for individual learning. These are transitions, task-related characteristics, obstacles and support. The second component, the so-called learning behaviour, analyses the way the individual approaches the potential learning opportunities present in the job. This can also be divided into four categories: emergent learning, planned learning, instruction-oriented learning and meaning-oriented learning. Based on these two components, an instrument has been developed to measure the quality of learning on the job. This has been shown to be valid and reliable in a sample of European managers.     

创业者网络管理能力与创业机会识别及开发——一个有调节的中介模型

随着我国经济新常态迈向新阶段，社会网络对科技型初创企业创业者的作用愈加重要。由此，提出一个创业者网络管理能力（ENMC）模型，该模型涉及创业者在规划、构建和维持社会网络中的角色，通过创业网络质量的中介作用进一步与创业机会识别、开发相关。借鉴关系生成、公司网络管理以及社会能力理论，构建创业者网络管理能力三维结构模型：网络规划能力（NPC）、网络构建能力（NSC）以及网络维持能力（NMC）。最后，实证检验环境动态性正向调节创业网络质量在创业者网络管理能力对创业机会识别与开发关系的中介作用，发现相比弱环境动态性，强环境动态性条件下，创业者网络管理能力通过创业网络质量对创业机会识别与开发的影响更大。     

Evaluating the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s BTOP on broadband adoption

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) spent $4.7 billion during 2009–2013 to, inter alia, increase broadband adoption in underserved communities. We characterize the BTOP grants and examine the impact of the awards on broadband adoption. Econometric specifications controlling for award endogeneity related to observed and unobserved county-level factors find that spending is apparently associated with increased broadband adoption. Further investigation, however, reveals that the impacts of spending are nonlinear and even nonmonotonic over the range of county-level BTOP spending in the data. Controlling for trends to reduce the potential for spurious correlation between spending and outcomes removes most of the significance of the results. We conclude with three lessons for policymakers derived from the uncertain outcomes of BTOP spending found in our exploration.     

珠三角中小企业如何进一步发展

珠三角中小企业有改革开放20多年的积累,有鲜明的特点和优势,目前,珠三角中小企业正面临新的发展机遇。应在以下5个方面采取对策:①第二次解放思想;②实施"专、精、特、新"的发展战略;③完善法人治理结构;④加快管理信息化建设;⑤争取上市。     

Sustainable procurement in Malaysian organizations: Practices,barriers and opportunities

The purpose of this study is to uncover the extent of sustainable procurement practices amongst procurement directors/managers employed in public and private sector organizations in Malaysia, a developing country where socialization is underpinned by religious beliefs. The results showed there is a significant variation in the adoption of sustainable procurement across the sectors with the private sector registering significantly higher levels of SP practices than their public counterparts. Lack of awareness posed the most significant barrier to sustainable procurement implementation regardless of organizations or sectors whilst improved working conditions, an organization׳s/council׳s/public image, and organizational efficiency and transparency provided optimal opportunities for implementing sustainable procurement practices. Finally this study identified the two new factors of religion and sense of humanity as influencing an employee׳s engagement in sustainable procurement practices.     

Linking Innovation and Firm Performance: A New Approach

Using the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2) for the Netherlands, we analyse the input and output stages of the innovation process and the links between the innovation process and overall economic performance. We investigate the existence of feedback links running from past economic performance to the input and the output stage of the innovation process and compare the results of a single-equation approach with the results obtained from a simultaneous-equation model.     

Opportunity analysis of newborn screening programs

There exist congenital diseases that reduce newborns’ potential opportunities. This reduction is sometimes alleviated if the congenital disease is detected early by a newborn screening program. We propose a new outcome measurement procedure for newborn screening programs, based on the opportunity gains they offer. We show that, under plausible assumptions, the ranking of the available screening programs for a particular disease, according to this new outcome measurement procedure, does not depend on the metric of opportunity. We also apply our model to the current debate about choosing between a selective or a universal newborn hearing screening program to detect congenital hearing impairments.