论企业核心竞争力与企业自生能力

文章阐述了核心竞争力和企业自生能力的内涵及其特征,总结了企业核心竞争力识别的方法,对企业如何解决自生能力进行了论述,并提出围绕主导产业,培植企业核心竞争能力和构筑企业自生能力的方法,同时给出了比较详细的实现途径,希望对现代企业的运作能起到一定的指导作用。     

Wetland mitigation banking: Negotiations with stakeholders in a zone of ecological-economic viability

Wetland mitigation banking (WMB) is an organizational form that attempts to balance the ecological goals of wetland conservation and the economic goals of development with the aim of improving the implementation of wetland offsetting. Given the resulting tension, it is important to understand how the way stakeholders employ the WMB regulatory framework affects the goal of No Net Loss of wetlands. In this study, we interviewed WMB stakeholders in Florida in the United States to identify their strategies during negotiations around different aspects of defining wetland mitigation credits (e.g. service areas, types of credit and credit release schedules). Using the approach of New Institutional Economics, we found that within a framework of well-defined rules that nonetheless allow flexibility, WMB enables a field of action for negotiating within a zone of ecological-economic viability – in part due to the stakeholders’ interest in maintaining a good reputation in this field. Outside of this zone of viability a wetland mitigation bank proposal collapses for economic or ecological reasons.     

Economic thoughts from an East Asian perspective: a conceptual framework of viability and development strategy

This paper attempts an analytical framework centred on the relationship between the concept of viability and choice of development strategy. On the basis of a critical review on the mainstream literature in economic development, it presents the conceptual framework with an emphasis on elaborating the dichotomy of ‘comparative advantage defying (CAD) strategy’ versus ‘comparative advantage following (CAF) strategy’. Empirical experiences of economic development in China and other East Asian economies in the contemporary era are discussed in the context of the conceptual framework.     

The Valuation of Volatility Options

This paper examines the valuation of European- and American-style volatilityoptions based on a general equilibrium stochastic volatility framework.Properties of the optimal exercise region and of the option price areprovided when volatility follows a general diffusion process. Explicitvaluation formulas are derived in four particular cases. Emphasis is placedon the MRLP (mean-reverting in the log) volatility model which has receivedconsiderable empirical support. In this context we examine the propertiesand hedging behavior of volatility options. Unlike American options,European call options on volatility are found to display concavity at highlevels of volatility.     

Redefining the issues of risk and public acceptance: The social viability of technology

A conceptual framework is proposed within which the notion of risk as normally used in risk assessment (RA) could be enlarged in line with the real substance of social issues of technology policy, to help avoid RA's threatened irrelevance to social decisionmaking. It is argued that the frequent organizational incoherence and thus the unviability of modern technology arises from ‘social alienation’ between the innovation-commitment phase and the implementation of the technology in society. The roles of technical elites and of particular concepts of technology in this alienation are emphasized.     

区域企业自生能力评价指数与区域经济发展实证——基于中国各地区的研究

区域企业自生能力是区域实体经济发展的基石,其包括区域企业创新力、创业力、集群力、成熟度和国际化能力等五个维度。根据对中国大陆29个省市区的区域企业自生能力进行评价,可以将各地区划分为高位调整型、积极赶超型、快速追赶型和双重拖累型等四种类型,同时,这些地区间企业自生能力指数的差距呈现出一种不完全的收敛态势。实证结果表明,区域基期的企业自生能力指数对该区域下一期的经济发展水平具有显著的解释力和影响力。因此,优质实体经济项目源培育应成为发展政策的主要内容,应用区域企业自生能力指数考核区域经济发展质量可以有效地解决当前中国GDP考核的难题。     

珠三角产业转型:条件、主导机制与实现途径

正在进行的珠三角产业转型,企业面临较大压力,地方政府也在不断为转型企业提供帮助。政府主导的追赶型产业政策尽管目标正确,但降低了资源配置效率。一国经济的根本原则应是比较优势,因为企业的自生能力得到了重视,企业的自生能力是转型成功的根本,政府职能应向监管型政府转变。分析珠三角外在环境与内在机制约束,发现珠三角所处的东亚生产网络缺乏最终消费市场;基于跨国公司主导的国际分工格局中,珠三角处于自然资源优势阶段;基于劳动力优势出口模式制约了技术进步,珠三角产业转型的实现途径是市场制度化和生产性服务业。     

Australian momentum: performance,capacity and the GFC effect

This paper assesses the performance of momentum strategies in Australia, and how they were affected by the GFC. This paper is the first to address the issue of the dollar capacity of momentum strategies in the Australian market. We find evidence of a strong momentum effect in Australia amongst the S&P/ASX200 constituents. We find that momentum portfolios suffered during the GFC, but the effect was not persistent. Finally, we show that the capacity of the momentum effect in Australia is large enough in dollar terms to reject the assertion that momentum is more of a theoretical than a practical construct.     

Classical biased technical change approach and its relevance to reality

The purpose of this article is to evaluate empirically the classical viability condition for East Asia, Latin America, Sub‐Saharan Africa 1980–1995, and advanced countries 1950–1992. The viability condition is proposed by Foley and Michl (1999 Foley, D.K. and Michl, T.R. 1999. Growth and Distribution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.  [Google Scholar]), and is used for judging empirically which approach is more valid, the classical biased technical change approach or neoclassical production function approach. Our results acknowledge the predominance of the former, which is Foley‐Michl’s contention. However, there remains a disputable interpretation as to the case of a declining labour productivity, which is broadly seen in Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa during the period considered.     

Semi‐efficient valuations and put‐call parity

We propose an approach to the valuation of payoffs in general semimartingale models of financial markets where prices are nonnegative. Each asset price can hit 0; we only exclude that this ever happens simultaneously for all assets. We start from two simple, economically motivated axioms, namely, absence of arbitrage (in the sense of NUPBR) and absence of relative arbitrage among all buy‐and‐hold strategies (called static efficiency). A valuation process for a payoff is then called semi‐efficient consistent if the financial market enlarged by that process still satisfies this combination of properties. It turns out that this approach lies in the middle between the extremes of valuing by risk‐neutral expectation and valuing by absence of arbitrage alone. We show that this always yields put‐call parity, although put and call values themselves can be nonunique, even for complete markets. We provide general formulas for put and call values in complete markets and show that these are symmetric and that both contain three terms in general. We also show that our approach recovers all the put‐call parity respecting valuation formulas in the classic theory as special cases, and we explain when and how the different terms in the put and call valuation formulas disappear or simplify. Along the way, we also define and characterize completeness for general semimartingale financial markets and connect this to the classic theory.