Multilateral Comparison of Cost Structures in the Input–Output Tables of Japan,the US and West Germany

This paper presents a multilateral comparison of relative levels and structures of costs of production in Japan, the US and West Germany. The analysis is carried out by using harmonized input–output tables, which are converted at US prices by using adjusted sectoral purchasing power parities. A new accounting methodology is derived from recent developments of index number theory, whereas the chosen multilateral comparison procedure gives results that are invariant with respect to the order of the pairs of countries examined.     

The productivity of private and social farms: Multilateral Malmquist indices for Slovene dairying enterprises

Applying programming techniques to farm-level panel data for four cooperative and 12 private dairy farms in the Yugoslav Republic of Slovenia gives estimates of technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and technical progress. These are used to construct multilateral Malmquist indices of total factor productivity (TFP). For the cooperatives, TFP growth has been slow and is attributable to technical progress. For the private farms, technical progress was also slow, but TFP growth was faster due to improved efficiency. Scale inefficiency explains the poorer absolute performance of the private farms, indicating the need for land reform as well as technological change.     

Multilateral trade liberalisation helps promote export product diversification: Trade tensions damage the prospects of the poorest economies

Using a large panel dataset over a 20‐year period, this article explores the effect of multilateral trade liberalisation on export product diversification. Empirical results show that multilateral trade liberalisation is positively associated with export product diversification. However, less‐developed economies experience a greater positive effect than relatively advanced economies. This analysis suggests that if trade tensions reduce cooperation on trade matters among World Trade Organization members, it may hinder export product diversification in developing countries, and the poorest countries might be the most adversely affected.     

基于TPP的亚太经济一体化前景分析及中国的对策

作为亚太地区新的区域合作政策之一的TPP被看作是美国实现重返亚洲的有力工具,一直以来受到美国的关注和力推,必然对已经存在多种经济合作形式的亚太区域经济一体化进程产生重要的影响。文章首先梳理亚太区域经济一体化进程,提出TPP的由来和发展,并对TPP能否实现多边性区域主义进行剖析,以此作为预测亚太区域经济一体化前景的依据,并为中国进一步参与区域经济一体化提供对策建议。     

The Impact of Multilateral Trade Liberalisation on Economic Development: Some Empirical Evidence

This article examines the impact of multilateral trade policy liberalisation on countries' levels of economic development, proxied by their real per capita income. The study is particularly relevant in the current context of growing rhetoric against international trade, which could fuel domestic protectionism and would likely undermine multilateral trade liberalisation. The analysis has been conducted on a panel data set of 155 countries, over non‐overlapping four‐yearly sub‐periods during 1995–2014. The empirical results suggest strong support for the view that multilateral trade liberalisation promotes economic development. Hence, the rise in unilateral protectionist trade measures around the world would likely endanger the prospects of further multilateral trade liberalisation and ultimately undermine countries' prospects of economic development.     

我国加强区域经济合作的对策

区域经济合作促进了区内贸易的优先发展,同时对多边贸易体制形成了强有力的冲击。我国加强区域经济合作的对策是形成并完善中国的区域经济合作框架,有步骤、有层次、渐行式推进区域和次区域经济合作,推动全方位、多极化的全球经济合作网络。     

The Economic Efficiency of Policy Reform and Partial Market Liberalization under Transaction Costs

The article presents an integrated analysis of the effects of domestic and trade policy reform on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. It develops a general multiagent, multicommodity model, where transaction costs are the costs of resources used in the exchange process. The influence of domestic and trade policy (including both price and quantity instruments) on distorted market equilibrium is analysed. Alternative concepts of distorted equilibrium are presented and investigated. They provide a basis for evaluating the effects of multilateral partial market liberalization on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. New conditions are derived under which multilateral policy reforms generate Pareto improvements.     

关于引导中美关系健康发展的思考

要积极推动中美关系良性互动,必须充分发挥中美双方的主动性。为了引导中美关系健康发展,我们应从战略高度看待中美关系;主动融入全球化进程,提升自己的国际地位;积极开展多边外交,营造良好的周边环境和国际氛围。