Prejudice, exclusion, and compensating transfers: the economics of ethnic segregation

Prejudiced groups self-segregate and exclude others. This is observed in South African apartheid, in the exclusion of Eastern European or Muslim immigrants from Western Europe and in ghettos formed by immigrants in many countries. In the United States, minorities (mostly African Americans) are segregated in central cities and wealthier European Americans reside predominantly in the suburbs. A fully closed general equilibrium model of the last case is presented. The model treats land, labor and product markets. Most whites flee the inner city for white-dominated suburbs. This benefits blacks by lowering inner city rents relative to wages. When whites are weakly prejudiced, exclusion from the suburbs hurts whites as well as blacks. But when whites are strongly prejudiced, a lump sum endowment transfer from whites to blacks can split the gains-from-trade: whites can pay transfers to blacks in exchange for blacks accepting exclusion. The transfer needed to compensate blacks is large if blacks are strongly hurt by exclusion and small if they are only slightly hurt. How much transfers to US central cities and to the poor compensate American blacks for the effects of exclusion is an open question.     

Stability and Segregation in Group Formation

This paper presents a model of group formation based on the assumption that individuals prefer to associate with people similar to them. It is shown that, in general, if the number of groups that can be formed is bounded, then a stable partition of the society into groups may not exist. (A partition is defined as stable if none of the individuals would prefer be in a different group than the one he is in.) However, if individuals' characteristics are one-dimensional, then a stable partition always exists. We give sufficient conditions for stable partitions to be segregating (in the sense that, for example, low-characteristic individuals are in one group and high-characteristic ones are in another) and Pareto efficient. In addition, we propose a dynamic model of individual myopic behavior describing the evolution of group formation to an eventual stable, segregating, and Pareto efficient partition. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, H41.     

电子商务合同成立与认定刍议

随着我国电子商务的加快发展，在理论与实践中，产生了一系列的问题，需要深入研究。电子商务合同与传统的合同制度有不同的特点，尤其是电子商务合同的成立与认定问题。     

Effects of demographic,experiential, and attitudinal factors on occupational sex stereotypes

The purpose of this study was to (a) compare the occupational sex stereotypes of 366 college students with those reported by Shinar in 1975, and (b) examine the relationships between demographic, experiential, and attitudinal variables and these occupational sex stereotypes. The results indicated a significant difference in occupational ratings from Shinar's study, with females' perceptions shifting more than males' perceptions. In addition, subjects' gender, tenure with female managers, and attitudes toward women as managers, were shown to be significant predictors of occuptational ratings. The implications of these findings for both employees and managers are then discussed.     

综合管理体系及其实施指南的研究

依据ISO9001、ISO14001及OHSAS18001标准，对企业中的质量、环境及职业安全卫生要素进行了系统的整合，提出了综合管理体系模式及实施指南。     

养老金制度的结构性改革与寿险公司的市场拓展

OECD国家养老金制度的结构性改革体现在两个层面：一是养老金制度整体结构的调整；二是政府主导下的公共养老金计划运行机制的转变。基于OECD国家经验数据的回归分析，国家公共养老金计划的保障水平与商业寿险深度之间具有高度负相关性。立足于我国养老金制度改革的政策取向，寿险公司应积极致力于养老金市场拓展，包括谋求参与国家基本养老保险个人账户养老金的发放及个人账户积累养老基金的投资运营；积极参与企业年金市场开拓，充当企业年金基金的法人受托机构；调整寿险产品定位，大力开拓城镇和农村商业养老保险市场。     

构建市场银企关系的思考

市场型银企关系是建立在平等自愿基础上的市场交换关系。只有按市场经济的要求改革银企体制，才能在制度上保障银企关系发展的协调。要构建市场型银企关系的银行机制，就要创新商业银行经营机制和服务功能。目前构建市场型银企关系的重点是培育资本市场，发展投资银行业，改革投融资体制，完善风险约束机制。     

浅论工程量清单计价模式下施工组织设计的编制

通过介绍工程量清单计价模式的特点，分析了施工组织设计在工程量清单计价模式下的重要性，并对其编制方法进行了探讨。     

物流安全研究综述

从物流安全概念、物流安全研究内容、物流安全保障、以及物流安全法律和物流安全文化方面作了总结和综述，同时提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。