生命周期评价方法及其应用

介绍了生命周期评价的目的、意义和基本方法，并运用该方法对燃煤发电、废纸造纸、废旧塑料气化发电等几种不同工业过程的环境影响进行了分析。     

奥运会对举办城市的影响研究

本文结合以往奥运会举办城市的实际,分析举办奥运会对举办城市的影响,既包括经济影响,也包括带来的社会影响。奥运会对举办城市的影响是积极的,但同时也带来一些问题,如何扩大积极影响,解决它所带来的一些问题是北京急需考虑的。     

张家界市居民对旅游影响的感知研究

在旅游发展的过程中，旅游目的地居民正逐渐被视为旅游产品的核心，越来越受到人们的重视。以张家界市为例，通过问卷调查和个别访谈的方法，分析了当地居民对旅游经济、社会文化、环境影响的感知，比较了不同人口学特征的居民对旅游影响的感知差异。结果表明，张家界市居民总体上对旅游的正面影响感知较强，对旅游的负面影响感知较弱。最后建议通过建立健全居民参与旅游发展规划的机制来调控居民对旅游影响的感知，以促进旅游地的可持续发展。     

外生冲击与房地产真实价格波动--对1998～2003年中国31省(市、区)的实证研究

文章首先根据经济学模型界定了两个重要指标:自相关系数与收敛系数.认为不同的外生冲击对这两个系数有不同的影响,而它们决定了房地产真实价格波动形态的差异.在此基础上,文章利用1998～2003年中国31个省(市、区)的面板数据对中国房地产市场进行了实证研究,其结论是,在真实人均可支配收入和真实建筑成本较高、真实税后住宅抵押贷款利率较低的地区有较大的自相关系数和较小的收敛系数,从而房地产真实价格具有更大的波动性.为使房地产真实价格在均衡价格附近平稳运行,降低开发成本和提高消费者购买成本能收到较好的效果.     

氯苯甲酸生物降解及环境影响研究进展

I.IntroductionChlorobenzoic acids(CBAs)have been released to the envi-ronment intentionally due to their use in agriculture asherbicides,or unintentionally due to the function,they playedin the aerobic transformation of many chlorinated pollutants,such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and alkyl benzenes.Moreover,chlorobenzoic acids are the major intermediate prod-ucts of aerobic catabolism of PCBs and one of the rate-limitingsteps in the overall PCBs degradation process.Degradation ofchl…     

旅游业的环境影响研究

随着大众旅游时代的到来,旅游业的环境影响日渐强烈,并成为公众关注与研究的重要问题。文章从旅游业的自然环境影响、社会环境影响以及旅游地居民的心理响应三个方面综合论述了近年旅游业环境影响研究的新成果。旅游业环境影响量化评价指标体系、旅游业影响下旅游地的未来环境变迁以及自然环境、社会环境和旅游地居民的心理响应之间的交互作用机理将是未来旅游业的环境影响研究的关键内容。     

高密度开发城市土地利用对交通系统的影响作用研究--以广州为例

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of urban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper tires to carry out some methods, such as multi-analysis statistics method to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly,the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed. Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated. Finally, the impacts of urban master planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated.     

Narcissism normalisation: tourism influences and sustainability implications

The concept of narcissism normalisation suggests that individuals and societies are becoming more narcissistic due to various cultural influences. Tourism is reviewed here as one such possible influence. Exploitative, entitled and exhibitionistic tendencies associated with narcissism are well-established in tourism. Yet tourism is also an intimate, communal and satisfying activity which may counteract narcissism. Increases in narcissism have significant implications from a sustainable tourism perspective. Narcissism is associated with exploitative and entitled behaviours that over time cause significant harm to those people and landscapes that come into contact with. Narcissism appears to be incompatible with principles of sustainability and the challenges this poses for the industry are reviewed, while the opportunities are also explored. There are signs that narcissism, particularly those aspects relating to exhibitionism, can be co-opted to benefit sustainable development.     

快速城镇化地区不同生计类型农户耕地利用集约度评价 ——以上海市青浦区为例

研究目的:针对快速城镇化地区农户生计分化现象,以上海市青浦区为例,对不同生计策略类型农户的耕地利用集约度进行评价,并分析其影响因素,以期为改善农户土地利用行为、实现土地资源合理高效利用与农户生计可持续发展提供政策参考。研究方法:运用价值形态测度方法核算各生计类型农户的耕地利用集约度,以两水平方差成分模型确定耕地利用集约度影响因素。研究结果:(1)不同生计策略类型农户耕地利用集约度存在差异性,大小顺序依次为专业农业型、传统农业型、农业兼业型、非农兼业型,劳动集约度与资本集约度排序与之基本一致;(2)同一生计策略类型农户的耕地利用集约度存在相似性,耕地利用集约度的总变异中有24.32%是由农户生计策略类型不同而引起的,水平一中农业收入比重、农业补贴、耕地面积、地块平均离家距离、农户离集镇距离与水平二中是否兼业等是影响农户耕地利用集约度的显著因素;(3)模型拟合效果评价表明该方法具有可行性。研究结论:耕地利用集约度不仅与农户自身禀赋有关,而且受生计类型影响,政府相关部门应结合当地实际情况引导农户对这两方面进行调整或完善。     

Resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of crop management innovation packages in Ethiopia

Crop management innovations are often not discrete fixed stand‐alone options—and their adoption may imply various combinations and adaptations. This potentially confounds their impact assessment. This article assesses the resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of a crop management package revolving around minimum tillage in maize‐based farming systems in northwest Ethiopia. An endogenous switching regression model was applied to plot‐ and household‐level survey data collected from 290 rural households operating 590 maize plots during the 2012 production year. Controlling for variations in plot and household characteristics, the average effect of minimum tillage package (minimum tillage package) on maize productivity is 0.44 t/ha. Compared to conventional practice (CP), adoption of the MTP decreased the average male and female labor use in maize production by 14.4 and 8.2 person‐days per ha, respectively. Similarly, MTP adoption decreased draft power use for land preparation by 13.2 pair of oxen‐days per ha. Compared to CP, in general, there is a considerable short‐run maize productivity gain and reduction in labor and draft power use under MTP.