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1.
自魁奈提出"纯产品"学说以来,经济学家对剩余认识的分歧一直难以弥合,这是由他们对剩余研究的目的决定的,但万变不离其宗的是,研究剩余的来源或源泉都是为了给剩余的归属即剩余的占有找到更"合理"的出路,与剩余的真正来源无关.由他们所戴的理论有色眼镜所决定,经济学家把剩余的来源分为劳动说、创新说、不确定性说和监督说.劳动说体现的是社会公平正义,创新说注重的是激励,不确定性说强调了企业家的责任,监督说意在减少偷懒.只要我们不怀任何偏见,这些不同的学说就会为解决目前的经济发展与收入分配矛盾提供有效的思路和方法. 相似文献
2.
How do aggregate quantities at the business cycle frequency respond to shocks to the spread between residential mortgage rates and government bonds? Using a structural VAR approach, we find that mortgage spread shocks impact the real economy by both economically and statistically significant magnitudes: a 100 basis point decline in the spread causes a peak increase in consumption, residential investment and GDP by 1.6 percent, 6.2 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. Presumably, these effects are magnified when the policy rate is held fixed, as was the case in the US during the recent implementation of unconventional monetary policy. 相似文献
3.
This study summarizes the main conclusions from a systematic review of the empirical literature regarding the impact on firms of the use of knowledge external sources (universities, research institutes and knowledge intensive business services). With the aim to organize the literature, we classify the different works according to the research question addressed: (i) which firms use knowledge external sources?; (ii) Do firms using knowledge external sources achieve better results?; And (iii) which firms benefit the most from using knowledge external sources? Stylized facts are that larger, more R&D intensive and high tech firms are more likely to use knowledge external sources and that use of knowledge external sources is associated to firms higher technical results. Less attention has been paid to the third question and evidence is not conclusive. Several recommendations for future research emerge. First, to take in greater consideration methodological issues so that potential biases in the results caused by sample selection and endogeneity are handled properly. Second, to pay more attention to heterogeneous outcomes. Third, to use continuous indicators of depth and breadth of links allowing for non‐linear relationships and fourth, to extend evidence for developing countries and service industries. 相似文献
4.
本文利用户科题本、编审黄册及方志,对清代江西省奏销册内人丁、食盐课数字进行共时性和历时性比勘,基本廓清了册内数字项目的变化轨迹,并通过相关计算关系的建立确定奏销册数字源于人丁编审,但在时间上具有滞后性。同一编审届别内人丁汇总数字的不变与分项数字的逐年变化,证明了孙毓棠逐年“小审”说的合理性。人丁编审的运行实态是以五年编审与逐年小审相表里,进而维持总撒动态平衡,更新了对人丁编审和奏销的制度理解,丰富了对人丁数字的史源认知。此外,可以考虑将奏销册作为参考资料,以弥补现有人丁数字序列时空属性的缺陷,并在人丁数字批量分析的基础上揭示人丁编审的制度运行细节和逻辑。 相似文献
5.
分析了三江源自然保护区生态环境恶化趋势加重、水资源总量日益减少的成因。认为,恢复和保护三江源区的生态环境是当务之急。提出加强退牧还草、生态移民工程建设,加强计划生育、控制人口,合理配置水资源,以水资源的可持续利用推动经济社会的可持续发展的建议。 相似文献
6.
Myint Moe Chit 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2019,26(3):329-354
AbstractThere remains academic debate on the association between credible financial information and small firms’ access to diversified sources of finance. This study investigates the role of credible financial information and its interaction with a country’s legal and regulatory environment on the access of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to diversified sources of finance in 129 developing countries. The findings indicate positive impacts of financial information quality and a country’s legal and regulatory environment on small firms’ access to diversified sources of finance. SMEs operating in a weak legal and regulatory environment benefit more from providing credible financial information. The findings are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of firms audit decision using a two-stage instrumental variable method. Our evidence suggests that firms’ credible signaling of the quality of their financial information helps reduce the adverse selection problem for finance suppliers, increasing small firms’ access to diversified sources of finance. 相似文献
7.
祝政宏 《新疆财经学院学报》2006,(4):30-33,42
“地缘政治”是指地理上的缘由给国家带来了政治上的影响。里海的能源吸引着全世界的目光,相关大国如美国、俄罗斯、环里海国家以及印度和日本都纷纷加入了里海的能源竞争中,里海地区的地缘政治意义愈发突出。 相似文献
8.
京津风沙源治理工程已开展7年,并初显成效。工程区内生态环境明显改善,依托工程建设新兴生态旅游业、种植业、养殖业得到发展;农牧民收入不断增加,生活方式得到改善。工程建设成果主要是坚持综合治理、多管齐下,坚持机制创新多方参与;坚决治理与保护并举,生态与产业并重;坚持落实责任制、分工协作。目前,工程中存在:生态治理难、成果巩固难、后续产业难、资金保障难、综合评价难等问题。对加快工程建设提出了要保证工程建设连续性和稳定性,建立工程建设长效机制等政策建议。 相似文献
9.
Abdullahi D Ahmed Sandy Suardi 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2007,75(2):159-178
This paper provides some empirical evidence on the sources of growth in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Within the classical convergence framework, several macroeconomic, socio and political factors are identified as affecting the steady state growth paths of the SSA countries. The rejection of the constant technology growth rate assumption implied by the linearised Solow‐Swan growth specification suggests differences in the economies' technology growth rates. An endogenous technology growth model is estimated to measure contributions of diminishing returns and technology transfer to the rate of conditional convergence in the region. The results carry important policy implications for improving the standard of living and economic growth rate of African countries. 相似文献
10.
Benjamin Born Alexandra Peter Johannes Pfeifer 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2013,37(12):2582-2601
This paper analyzes the contribution of anticipated capital and labor tax shocks to business cycle volatility in an estimated New Keynesian business cycle model. While fiscal policy accounts for about 15% of output variance at business cycle frequencies, this mostly derives from anticipated government spending shocks. Tax shocks, both anticipated and unanticipated, contribute little to the fluctuations of real variables. However, anticipated capital tax shocks do explain a sizable part of inflation fluctuations, accounting for up to 12% of its variance. In line with earlier studies, news shocks in total account for about 50% of output variance. Further decomposing this news effect, we find permanent total factor productivity news shocks to be most important. When looking at the federal level instead of total government, the importance of anticipated tax and spending shocks significantly increases, suggesting that fiscal policy at the subnational level typically counteracts the effects of federal fiscal policy shocks. 相似文献