美、德农业社会化服务提供的启示

美国的农业社会化服务主要由三个部分组成：农业公共服务体系、集体农业服务体系和私人农业服务体系。公司＋农场、公司＋农户以及合作供销是美国农业社会化服务的三种形式。德国的农业社会化服务体系在于农业专业合作社组织的成功发展,尤其是健全的农村金融服务体系,由一个具有三级层次结构的分权型组织组成,通过立法和提供一些优惠政策,政府在服务体系中起了重要作用。我国农业社会化服务体系的组成和服务形式与美、德十分相似,在推动农村经济发展方面却有一定差异,美国和德国农业社会化服务的经验对中国农业社会化服务的发展具有重要启示。     

基于主成份分析的江苏省各市区经济发展潜力评价

本文选取15项适当的主要经济指标构建了评价指标体系,基于主成分分析法和SPSS12.0数据处理,对江苏省13个市(区)进行了定量分析。根据各地区的综合得分以及排名评价了江苏各市区的经济发展水平同时指出了各地区社会经济发展不平衡的原因,提出相应的对策,为挖掘江苏社会经济发展的潜力提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

On the Deadweight Cost of Production Requirements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products

This article investigates the welfare effects of alternate producer collusion schemes in a context where collusion is authorized in order to cover fixed costs. Using a linear equilibrium displacement model, we find evidence that, when the producer group is allowed to control quota levels, an input quota policy entails a smaller absolute deadweight loss than an output quota policy. This finding suggests that if producer groups are allowed to resort to production-distorting instruments to limit output, they will make production choices that are less costly for society than if they had been allowed to directly control output levels.     

基于有效供给视角的我国地理标志管理模式研究

管理模式的选择是地理标志的生存、保护、发展所面临的重大问题。本文首先解析了地理标志概念,并对国际管理模式进行了比较分析。其次,提出当前我国在地理标志管理中存在的弊端。最后,在结合地理标志得到有效供给的前提条件下,提出了构建我国地理标志管理框架的三个层次。     

SWOT analysis of the Shanxi agriculture intellectual property rights

In the development of agricultural intellectual property in Shanxi Province, obvious ＂advantages＂ including significant resources and a good foundation are accompanied by beneficial ＂opportunities＂, i.e., Shan,xi regards the development of distinctive agriculture and dominant agricultural products as an important direction for economic restructuring in agriculture, with unprecedented support. But, at the same time, ＂weaknesses＂ and ＂threats＂ thereof will be ＂fatal simultaneous bottlenecks＂. Shanxi provincial governments at all levels should ＂pave the way＂ for a positive policy and regulatory platform, exert the three effects of agricultural products in innovation, brand and the leading position, and constantly promote the development of agricultural intellectual property rights.     

地理标志农产品对品牌营销竞争力的影响——以四川省为例

[目的]通过分析四川省地理标志对农产品品牌营销竞争力的影响,以期促进当地地理标志农产品的快速发展和推广。[方法]文章构建影响地理标志农产品品牌营销竞争力的指标体系,通过问卷调查的方式获得消费者对地理标志农产品的相关数据,并在对问卷的信度和效度检验的基础上,对影响地理标志农产品营销竞争力的各因素进行了多元回归分析。[结果](1)针对地理标志农产品的品质和价格问题分别有64.91%、39.1%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品质、价格比其它同类农产品好;(2)针对地理标志农产品的品牌名称和外观问题分别有81.1%、57.9%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌名称和外观比其它同类农产品要好;(3)针对地理标志农产品的品牌个性和品牌文化问题分别有53.14%、53.63%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌个性和品牌文化比其它同类农产品要好;(4)针对地理标志农产品的品牌声誉和品牌口碑问题分别有53.63%、70.67%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌声誉和品牌口碑比其它同类农产品要好;(5)针对消费者是否愿意购买地理标志农产品,73.94%的消费者表示愿意购买,73.68%的消费者更是愿意将地理标志农产品作为同类农产品的首选。[结论]地理标志农产品对消费者购买意愿的影响排序依次是品牌性能价值品牌传播力品牌显示力,同时证明地理标志有利于提高农产品的品牌竞争力。     

The Size of Terroir: A Theoretical Note on Economics and Politics of Geographical Indications

Geographical indications (GI) certify the geographical origins of a product and delineate the specific area in which the certified product must be produced. Despite a large literature on the economics of GIs, few papers have explored the question of the optimal size of GI regions. This note presents a flexible conceptual framework to explore the economics and politics of the delimitation of a GI. The general framework describes the efficiency and distributional effects of the size of a GI and shows how this affects interest groups’ incentives to influence government decision‐making.     

Vertical differentiation via multi-tier geographical indications and the consumer perception of quality: The case of Chianti wines

We derive and estimate a model of demand for Geographical Indications allowing for subjective and heterogeneous quality perceptions, and study vertical differentiation based on multi-tier quality labels within the context of the strategy adopted by the Chianti Consortium. Quality perceptions and wine choices are elicited in an online experiment where the number of quality tiers is augmented incrementally in a between-subject design. The empirical model includes subjective quality perceptions as an (endogenous) explanatory variable, and unexplained heterogeneity in WTP for quality as a random parameter. We find that quality perceptions are endogenous to the labeling regime, and adding a high-quality label (Chianti Classico Gran Selezione) decreases the perceived quality of all other Chianti wines, but not the competitor wines. However, the market shared lost to perception restructuring is small compared to the benefits of increased vertical differentiation.     

地理标志多哈回合谈判进程及对我国农业的影响

由于世界贸易组织(WTO)的《与贸易相关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS协定)以及世界知识产权组织(WIPO)的众多国际条约的广泛而深入的影响,包括地理标志在内的知识产权法律制度已经进入了全球化的时代。对发展中国家而言,如何在国际知识产权相关问题谈判中为自身的发展赢得空间,已经不单单是一个技术问题,这将对其经济利益产生越来越重要的影响。本文认为在传统知识产权领域核心技术大部分被发达国家占据,国际知识产权保护标准主要由发达国家制定的情况下,发挥我国的传统优势,加大地理标志的保护将有利于我国参与贸易全球化,提升产品国际竞争力。因为地理标志的保护往往最能够发挥我国的资源优势,对增强我国产品的核心竞争力起到"四两拨千斤"的放大作用。文章介绍了多哈回合地理标志的最新谈判情况,以及我国目前有关地理标志的立法及保护现状。文章呼吁我国对地理标志的保护应该采取"内外兼修"的方法。即对"内",将保护地理标志作为支持农村经济发展的重要组成部分,在国内建立起一套管理统一、权利义务分明的地理标志法律体系;对"外",合理运用多边谈判和双边谈判的国际场合,在给予别国进一步市场准入的同时,大力地推动有利于我国农业发展的地理标志国际保护制度。     

农产品地理标志发展研究：现状、困境和路径选择

中国发展农产品地理标志存在诸多问题,如存在多头管理的体制机制、“公地悲剧”、价值的来源却认识不清、依赖地理标志购买的现象并不普遍等等。这些问题需要从理顺体制机制、有序推进保护、打击违法行为、建立和健全技术创新和推广体系、推进地理标志农产品产业化、标准化和规模化经营、打造品牌等方面着手解决。