明清以来美洲作物的引种推广对经济社会发展的影响——以山东为例(1368-1949)

由于美洲作物具有耐旱、耐瘠薄、高产等特性决定其在中国北方旱作区得以大面积的快速推广。花生、烟草和棉花具有极高的商业价值，对我国传统的自然经济形成强大的冲击；甘薯、玉米和马铃薯等高产作物使得粮食单位面积产量和总产大幅度提高，引起饮食结构的巨大变化。在农业生产工具进步不大，农药、化肥没有出现的明清时期，美洲作物的引种推广是当时最为重要的科学技术手段，也是明清时期农业发展，人口迅速增加的主要原因。美洲作物的引种推广是明清时期生产力水平提高的标志，大土地所有者减少。小土地所有者增加，土地出现分散状态是其必然结果。     

Supermarket suggested shopping lists (SSSL), promotions and grocery purchases

This study examines the effect of providing or not providing millennial consumers with a supermarket suggested shopping list (SSSL). At the same time, it tests the effect of providing consumers with a large number of in-store promotions versus no promotions. The study also assesses the moderating effect of price concerns on both expenditure and the satisfaction attained after a shopping trip. The results of an experimental design with 240 subjects in a simulated supermarket setting show that SSSL users spend less, and that heavy supermarket promotions increase purchases. However, if an SSSL is provided while products are highly promoted, this decreases consumer satisfaction. Offering consumer promotions to millennials without providing an SSSL results in the highest level of store sales. Findings of this study will be of interest to retailers willing to offer a shopping list service to supermarket customers with the purpose of increasing loyalty.     

发展现代物流与多元化商品学人才的培养

商品学学科的建设与现代物流的发展密不可分。培养多元化的商品学人才是适应现代物流发展要求的。在阐述商品学和物流之间联系的基础上,提出了商品学学科的发展思路,给出了商品学学科建设的基本要求,提出了商品学学科可以在商品检验检测、质量科学和工程、通关管理等方向进行突破。