生活垃圾堆肥处理技术发展的几点思考

结合多年来在生活垃圾管理特别是堆肥厂的日常运行管理方面的经验，阐述了目前我国生活垃圾堆肥处理技术应用现状和堆肥厂实际运行过程中存在的具体问题，并对今后堆肥技术的发展提出几点建议，即：正确综合评价垃圾堆肥技术，给予垃圾堆肥技术正确定位，选择合理堆肥工艺，充分发挥垃圾堆肥的优势，提高堆肥质量，开拓堆肥产品市场是今后垃圾堆肥技术发展的关键。     

我国蔬菜秸秆无害化处理技术优化探讨

目的 随着蔬菜产业的快速发展和规模的不断扩大,蔬菜秸秆问题日益严重。进一步改进蔬菜秸秆无害化处理技术对推进农业绿色发展、提高我国人民生活质量、增加农民收入具有重要意义。方法 针对蔬菜秸秆含水率较高、碳氮比较低、易腐烂发臭滋生病虫害等缺点,在分析比较资源化处理手段优缺点的基础上,以无害化处理为目标对技术进行革新。结果 目前蔬菜秸秆处理技术主要有直接还田、厌氧沤肥、好氧堆肥、饲料化等,但仍存在一些缺点,难以满足无害化处理要求,文章总结了一系列蔬菜秸秆无害化利用技术,优化消毒直接还田技术,制定厌氧沤肥的技术环节,完善田间堆肥技术体系,优化联合堆肥物料配比,解决快速无害化处理问题,规范物理脱水饲料化的操作流程和添加剂配方,延伸蔬菜秸秆产业链;同时,探讨蔬菜秸秆资源化利用的现存问题、潜力及发展方向。结论 为未来推广蔬菜秸秆无害化处理和资源化利用工作提供参考。     

畜禽粪便中残留四环素类抗生素和重金属的污染特征及其控制

兽用抗生素和微量重金属作为饲料添加剂广泛用于畜禽养殖业，但超量使用是导致畜禽粪便中高浓度抗生素和重金属残留的根本原因。随着我国畜禽养殖业的规模化发展，畜禽粪便中残留的四环素类抗生素和重金属（铜、锌、砷）及其复合污染对生态环境和人类健康构成了巨大的潜在威胁。针对这种状况，总结了我国四环素类抗生素（包括四环素、土霉素和金霉素）和微量重金属元素（铜、锌、砷）在畜禽粪便中的残留量及其区域分布特征，并概述了这两类物质在畜禽粪便生物处理过程（堆肥和厌氧消化）中的转化、降解及其影响。畜禽粪便中残留的抗生素和重金属可导致环境中出现耐药菌与抗性基因，是环境与健康领域的又一重大挑战，其影响不容忽视。     

生物法在固体废物处理中的应用

生物法在环境工程中有着非常广泛的应用,随着现代化生物技术的发展,它将在环境污染治理中发挥越来越重要的作用.本文主要阐述了生物法在固体废物处理中的应用,其中比较成熟的应用方法有生物浸出、废物堆肥化、沼气发酵等.     

嗜热高效降解复合菌在污泥堆肥中的应用研究

模拟污泥好氧堆肥系统,将本实验室筛选所得嗜热高效降解复合菌F12,按投加量2%、5%及10%投加至堆肥体系中,研究该复合菌合适的堆肥接种量及对堆体的降解特性。结果表明,投加量为5%时堆肥效果最好,接种复合菌可提高堆体温度、延长堆肥高温期,实验组高温期可维持4 d,较对照组的1 d效果显著;与对照组相比含水率下降较多,相差5.7%;接种该复合菌有助于有机质的降解,7 d降解率与对照组的差值为3%。pH和氨气含量的变化反映了接种有利于有机质代谢,但对堆肥的保氮效果较差,堆肥产品农用质量下降,需进一步做这方面的研究;三种接种比例实验组的细菌、真菌及放线菌数量均大于对照组,外源接种给堆体带来更多微生物,加速了有机质的降解。     

Experiences with and the viability of a recycling pilot project in a Cape Town township

This paper documents the experience with an NGO-initiated recycling programme in Hangberg Township, Cape Town. The 11-week trial project achieved 70% sign-up but suffered substantial drop-out. The NGO’s attempt to brand block leaders as ‘eco-heroes’ was unsuccessful and there were concerns about the distribution of project benefits. The project diverted 26% by mass of the estimated solid waste refuse stream of 2.5 kg per person per week and made R1752 from selling 1.965 tons of recycling. Some 970 kg of compostables were diverted but not processed as part of the project. Project accounts revealed a benefit–cost ratio of 0.123 in which the sale of recyclables and landfill costs avoided were the only benefits and wages and consumables the main costs. While a more equitable distribution of benefits could improve the cost–benefit ratio, there are other good reasons for donors to fund projects of this nature.     

污泥堆肥中氮素迁移与转化的研究进展

污泥堆肥是现阶段污泥资源化处置的有效手段,其成品中含有丰富的有机质和大量的氮磷等是植物生长所必需的营养元素。在现有研究中,氮素的保存及氮素损失的抑制已有大量报道,本文深入探讨氮素在污泥堆肥中的迁移与转化,以期为污泥堆肥工艺提供参考。     

Can’t You Count? Public Service Delivery and Standardized Measurement Challenges – The Case of Community Composting

Abstract

Performance measurement is increasingly important for UK third sector organizations (TSOs) driven in part by policymakers’ interest in harnessing them as deliverers of public services. This article examines a developing and little researched constituency of TSOs – community composters – which has become attractive to policymakers facing obligations to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste. The research, which included the first extensive survey of this constituency combined with a purposive case study investigation, found a highly diverse set of organizations. The analysis proposes five types of community composters and explores the challenges to developing a standardized measurement regime.     

污泥堆肥中高温菌的研究进展

高温菌是污泥堆肥中加速污泥腐熟的有效活性成分。对堆肥中高温阶段的群落结构及高温菌的筛选做了简要概述,并对高温菌在污泥堆肥中的应用进行了小结,指出了今后的研究重点。