基于创新诊断的企业科技创新发展对策研究

企业创新诊断是提升企业科技创新能力、加快企业转型升级的重要助力。以企业创新诊断为切入点,从技术创新、组织创新和制度创新三方面构建了企业科技创新能力指标体系,并用加权平均法和SWOT分析法对江苏省中小企业创新能力及创新发展战略进行了案例分析,提出了促进企业科技创新发展的对策建议。     

Idiot's Bayes—Not So Stupid After All?

Folklore has it that a very simple supervised classification rule, based on the typically false assumption that the predictor variables are independent, can be highly effective, and often more effective than sophisticated rules. We examine the evidence for this, both empirical, as observed in real data applications, and theoretical, summarising explanations for why this simple rule might be effective.     

鲤春病毒血症监测方法的应用研究

为提高鲤春病毒血症的监测效率,将细胞培养、酶联免疫吸附试验和PCR方法有机结合,先用细胞扩增病毒5d以提高后续检测的灵敏度,然后用酶联免疫吸附试验进行高通量初筛,最后对可疑阳性用PCR确认。虽然这样的联合检测方法比国标GB/T 15805.5-2008方法多了一个检测步骤,但是却能将检测时长缩短一半,提高了检测效率。经过在45个无临床症状样品上应用,结果显示,联合检测方法和国标方法的结果完全一致,且缩短了检测周期,提高了检测效率,能够发现样品早期感染状态,实现对鲤春病毒血症的高效监测。     

腹腔镜在不孕症诊治中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在诊治不孕症中的价值。方法对68例考虑有原发性或继发性因素所致的不孕症患者,采用腹腔镜给予诊断及治疗。结果 68例不孕症患者中慢性盆腔炎占58.82%,子宫内膜异位症占14.71%,多囊卵巢综合征占8.82%,正常盆腔占7.35%,子宫输卵管先天发育异常占5.88%,盆腔结核占4.41%。结论腹腔镜手术诊治不孕症损伤小、恢复快、诊断明确、效果好,具有临床应用价值。     

模拟电路的故障回路和故障网孔的诊断

<正> 一、中日贸易的基本情况日本是我国对外贸易的主要市场,最大贸易伙伴之一。自1972年中日两国关系正常化,特别是1979年中国实行对内搞活经济、对外实行开放政策以来,中日贸易获得迅速发展。据     

非线性网络的故障诊断

本文讨论了将K故障证实法推广于具有不可及节点的非线性网络的多故障诊断问题。提出了一种新的故障检验和分析方法,通过诊断实例,说明了本方法的可行性。     

彩超在下肢深部静脉血栓诊断及治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨彩超在下肢深部静脉血栓诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月我院申请下肢深部静脉血栓形成彩超检查及治疗中彩超监测84例患者的超声图像。结果 84例申请检查病例,76例彩超诊断为下肢深部静脉血栓,漏诊8例。76例本院确诊病例,在彩超监测下经溶栓抗凝治疗后,总治疗有效率为94.7%,无效率为25.0%,未发生出血性并发症。结论彩超是基层医院诊断下肢深部静脉血栓的首选方法,对监测下肢深部静脉血栓诊断及治疗有重要意义。     

Impact of adoption of a decision algorithm including PCA3 for repeat biopsy on the costs for prostate cancer diagnosis in France

Abstract

Objective:

A recent expert study (RAND Appropriateness Method (RAM)) including a panel of 12 European urologists reported that the PCA3 score may be instrumental in taking appropriate prostate biopsy (PBx) decisions, mainly for repeat PBx. This study determined the cost/benefit balance of introducing PCA3 in the decision-making for PBx in France.

Methods:

Two RAM models, without and with PCA3, were retrospectively applied to a sample of 808 French men who had PBx in 2010 (78% first, 22% repeat). Outcome measures included the proportion of PBx that could have been avoided (i.e., judged inappropriate) in the French sample according to both RAM models, and the estimated impact of application of these models on the annual number of PBx and associated costs for France (based on most recent published data).

Results:

Complete profiles were available for 698 men. In the model without PCA3, 2% of PBx were deemed inappropriate. Knowledge of PCA3 would have avoided another 7% of PBx. Repeat PBx would have been avoided in 5% of cases without PCA3 and in 37% with PCA3. For France, application of the RAM model including PCA3 would result in 18,345 fewer repeat PBx. It would be budget-neutral in the unlikely hypothesis of no complications or no costs incurred by complications and would save €1.7 million for a mean cost for complications of €100/procedure or €5 million for a mean cost for complications of €280/procedure, calculated based on US and Canadian data.

Limitations:

Limitations of the study are the theoretical nature of the analysis and the fact that PCA3 distributions had to be derived from other sources.

Conclusions:

Adoption of RAM expert recommendations including PCA3 for repeat PBx decisions in clinical practice in France would reduce the number of repeat PBx and control costs.     

Measuring Diagnostic Accuracy of Statistical Prediction Rules

Many different statistical methods have been developed for predicting the disease classes of patients. However, in order to have confidence in the results of such methods, their performance needs to be assessed. Different performance measures are reviewed and the circumstances in which they are relevant are described. Subtleties exist which must be taken into account to ensure that the measure chosen matches the objectives. Examples are given showing different interpretations of future diagnostic performance.     

Financial impact of a novel pre-eclampsia diagnostic test versus standard practice: a decision-analytic modeling analysis from a UK healthcare payer perspective

Abstract

Objective:

Pre-eclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, is only detected after symptomatic onset. Early diagnosis may be possible with a new serum test, with resulting clinical and economic benefits versus standard practice. The authors evaluated the financial impact to the UK National Health Service (NHS).

Methods:

A decision-analytic model was developed in which a cohort of 1,000 pregnant women receiving UK obstetric care was simulated. The economic impact of improved sensitivity and specificity of the novel PE test [Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland] over current diagnostic practice was modeled. While there is no specific approved diagnostic test to detect PE, physicians are using a combination of tests including blood pressure, proteinuria, Doppler, serum uric acid, etc. The novel PE test constitutes two novel biomarkers Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) which can be quantitatively analyzed using an automated system widely available in hospitals or laboratories (Elecsys/Cobas, Roche Diagnostics) and measures the levels of PlGF and sFlt-1 growth factors in pregnant women. The analysis assumed administration of the £31.13 test (the equivalent of 52 Swiss Francs [CHF]) after 20 weeks of gestation as an addition to current practice. True-positive and false-negative patients were assumed to develop mild or severe PE, eclampsia, or death. A hybrid research approach was adopted; when available, data for model inputs were obtained from published literature and public databases. Interviews with obstetricians, laboratory managers, and healthcare payers were used to validate model inputs and fill utilization-related data gaps.

Results:

The model estimates that the costs associated with managing a typical pregnancy are £1,781 per patient when the new test is used versus £2,726 with standard practice. This represents savings of £945 per pregnant woman, if the test is used as a supplementary diagnostic tool. The savings are attributed to the new test's improved performance and its ability to better classify the pregnant patients.

Conclusions:

The novel test has the potential to provide substantial cost savings for NHS. Even when the novel test's cost is added to the current cost of care, the benefits exceed the additional cost, driven by the test's ability to reduce the rates of false-positive and false-negative diagnoses compared to current standard of care. Potential study limitations include the use of a pooled average of the individual sensitivities and specificities of currently used tests since no data were available on combination testing, the reliance on clinical trial data versus actual practice, and the use of clinical expert opinion when published data were unavailable.