WTO内“潜在利益”的保护:一种新的贸易干涉工具

在美国投诉欧共体"香蕉贸易体制案"中,专家组和上诉机构均支持了美国基于"潜在利益"所享有的"投诉资格"。联合国秘书长将此案作为WTO援引国家责任条款草案第42条和第48条的例证。在此背景基础上,考虑到国家基于某些WTO协议所承担的义务具有"对一切"的性质,以及WTO内既存"非违法之诉"的事实,"潜在利益"有被用作贸易干涉工具的可能性。作为贸易干涉工具的"潜在利益",既有利于促进国家更好地履行WTO义务,也可能被贸易强国用作扩张自身利益的工具。     

Artisan Flowers Inc.: A Framework‐Based Approach to IFRS Leasing Standards

Artisan Flowers Inc.'s (AFI) business is centered on importing and selling cut flowers. The company has entered into a number of lease transactions that have the president of AFI perplexed with their accounting treatment and implications. Now, the audit firm needs to explain to AFI's president the appropriate treatment and implications of these lease transactions using current IFRS (IAS 17) and (optionally) the 2013 Lease Exposure Draft. The purpose of this case is for students to gain an understanding and appreciation of the intricacies of IAS 17 as well as the proposed Lease Exposure Draft and the implication of these standards on debt covenants. Students are asked for an explanation of the conceptual basis for the standards and for an analysis of the impact of the standards on AFI's statement of financial position.     

Does Peacetime Military Service Affect Crime?

Draft lottery data combined with Danish longitudinal administrative records show that military service can reduce criminal activity for youth offenders. For this group, property crime is reduced, and our results indicate that the effect is unlikely to be the result of incapacitation only. We find no effect of military service on violent crime, on educational attainment, or on employment and earnings, either in the short run or in the long run. These results suggest that military service does not upgrade productive human capital directly, but rather affects criminal activity through other channels (e.g., by changing attitudes to criminal activity).     

海运内贸煤炭水尺计重问题研究

针对海运内贸煤炭的水尺计重中现存的问题,通过对两千多只船舶的总结研究,归纳出4个方面关键的技术环节,以求从根本上遏制针对内贸煤炭的不法行为,维护正常的市场秩序。     

IASB和我国保险会计准则的比较分析:基于保险合同计量部分

随着国际保险会计的迅速发展,我国保险行业的会计也深受国际潮流的影响。2010年8月,国际会计准则委员会(IASB)发布了《征求意见稿——保险合同》,进一步完善了保险会计的规定。我国财政部于2009年12月正式发布了《保险合同相关会计处理规定》。本文主要对IASB最新发布的IFRS 4征求意见稿——保险合同与我国保险会计准则中的保险合同计量部分进行了较为详细的比较分析,并讨论了新准则对我国保险实务的影响,望能为我国保险会计的发展提供一定的参考。     

欧洲经济一体化与《欧盟宪法条约》的财政影响

从分析国际经济一体化理论入手,根据2004年欧盟宪法的主要内容和特点,重点探讨了欧盟财政收入一体化,即一体化公司税率或共同改善租税结构,和欧盟宪法对财政赤字规范运作的影响这两个方面。在此基础上,分析了欧盟宪法可能的目的和影响。     

Stock option compensation: impact of expense recognition on performance indicators of non-domestic companies listed in the U.S.

The IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, requires that companies recognize the fair value of employee stock options as an expense. To ascertain the impact recognition will have on companies domiciled in countries subject to accounting standards issued by the IASB’s liaison standard setting partners, this research examines the pro forma stock option disclosures provided in Form 20-F by Australian, British, Canadian, French, German, Japanese, and Irish companies.The findings indicate the average impact of expense recognition on diluted EPS will be approximately 40% and will be material at a 5% level for the majority of the companies. The impact varies significantly by country. On average the annual expense recognized will be approximately 15% of beginning stockholders equity. For the majority of the companies, the charge will represent less than 1% of beginning equity. Again the impact varies significantly by country.The findings indicate that absent requirements that stock compensation expense be recognized, a material upward bias will be reflected in performance indicators of many non-U.S. companies and cross-border comparability will be impaired. Since our analysis is based solely on data for the year 2000 for companies domiciled in seven countries, future research will be needed to ascertain the impact of expense recognition on a broader range of companies reporting under IFRS 2.     

船舶水尺计重中压载水体积和密度计算

结合船舶压载舱结构特点和相关尺寸，对压载水测深值进行纵倾修正，并完成压载水的体积计算，解决沙滩船压载舱普遍存在的容积图表不准确以及有些船舶压载水深没有纵倾修正给计算压载水重量带来的困扰。对于船舶多个压载舱多地注入压载水的情况，利用初次压载水体积和密度以及末次压载水体积和港水密度，快速计算出混合后的压载水密度，避免了多个压载水舱逐个取样测量的繁琐过程。     

我国《老年人权益保障法》修订若干问题思考

我国现行《老年人权益保障法》存在着立法的指导思想和基本原则不够明确、核心地位不够明确和强制性条款与指导性条款划分不够明确的缺陷。《老年人权益保障法(修订草案)》对现行法律有所突破,但在对老年人精神赡养、老年人监护制度、老年人婚姻权益保护措施和农村老年人权益法律保障等问题上仍需要构建或完善。     

进口大宗散货5‰货差探究

在进口大宗散货运输中,货物发生货差或损耗的现象时有发生,给国内企业造成了巨大的经济损失。本文着重针对铁矿、煤炭、粮食等固态散货,通过介绍5‰货差的理论来源,分析其产生的主要原因,并提出降低误差和减少货差的解决方案。