Depreciation of Business R&D Capital

We develop a forward-looking profit model to estimate the depreciation rates of business R&D capital. By using U.S. government data between 1987 and 2007, and the newly developed model, we estimate both constant and time-varying industry-specific R&D depreciation rates. The results comprise a set of R&D depreciation rates for major U.S. high-tech industries. They align with the main conclusions from recent studies that the rates are in general higher than the traditionally assumed 15 percent and vary across industries. The relative ranking of the constant R&D depreciation rates among industries is consistent with industry observations and the industry-specific time-varying rates are informative about the dynamics of technological change and the levels of competition across industries. Lastly, we also present a cross-country comparison of the R&D depreciation rates between the U.S. and Japan, and find that the results reflect the relative technological competitiveness in key industries.     

Is heterogeneous capital depreciation important for estimating firm-level productivity? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

This paper contributes to the existing literature on estimating firm-level production functions. Using Chinese manufacturing survey data, we employ the firm-level heterogeneous capital depreciation rate to measure firms’ investment and assess its role using Olley and Pakes (1996) (OP) production function estimation technique. Although there is some ongoing debate on the econometric soundness of the OP technique, we argue quantitatively that the heterogeneous depreciation rate muffles the measurement error associated with the key input demand investment. In our sample, it significantly narrows the gap of total factor productivity (TFP) estimates between the OP technique and a state-of-the-art estimation method that works without investment. We further reveal that the improved performance primarily originates from the dynamic evolution in the distribution of the capital depreciation rate.     

央行外汇市场干预与协调国内货币政策

我国央行的汇率政策目标已演变成稳定汇率的单一目标,央行频繁地对外汇市场进行冲销干预,使人民币对美元的名义汇率处于超稳定状态,这种汇率政策的施行与国内货币政策目标可能协调,也可能发生冲突。国家应采取综合治理的办法,提高人民币汇率波动的弹性,大力发展债券市场回购,以加强对基础货币的调控     

美元贬值下的人民币汇率制度选择

2002年以来，美元汇率持续贬值，对世界经济及我国经济产生了重大影响。对人民币实质汇率水平也产生了重大影响，人民币实质汇率水平的决定除了取决于美元趋势外，主要还受国内宏观经济的变化趋势、国际收支的变化趋势的影响。为此，我国应在保持人民币汇率稳定前提下，尽快培育和完善人民币汇率市场，形成机制，增强汇率杠杆对经济的调节作用，推动外汇市场的管理创新，增强交易主体的竞争力。     

计提资产减值准备谁受益

谨慎性原则是基本的会计准则之一,《企业会计准则》规定企业应合理地计提资产减值准备,这项政策既使企业可以正确、公允地报出自己拥有资产的价值,也使信息使用者能得到对决策相关有用的信息,同时又利于税务机关对税收的控制。尽管对政策的不合理利用仍然存在,但随着制度的健全,会计人员素质的提高,政策实用性的前景很被看好。     

Capital maintenance and depreciation over the business cycle

This paper develops and estimates a stochastic general equilibrium model with capital maintenance, which affects endogenously the depreciation rate of capital. The estimate of maintenance series is found to track survey-based measures for Canada quite closely and to generate the procyclical pattern of maintenance observed in the data. We use our model estimates to infer the time profile of equipment capital depreciation in Canadian and US manufacturing. The depreciation rate is estimated to be volatile and highly procyclical in both countries.     

浅析固定资产折旧的会计与税法差异及所得税处理

在企业所得税汇算清缴过程中,如何正确进行固定资产折旧的纳税调整及所得税会计处理,是每个企业必须注意的问题。本文分析了固定资产折旧的会计与税法差异产生的原因,以及在计算企业所得税时,如何对这些差异进行相关的纳税调整和所得税会计处理。     

规划期内固定资产折旧预测模型

随着经济社会对电力需求的日益增长,电网投资规模不断扩大,电网企业的投资能力和资金成本备受关注。固定资产折旧资金是企业未来投资的重要来源,固定资产折旧已成为电网规划编制中电网投资能力测算的重要参数。基于企业工作实践,给出2种固定资产折旧估算方法,运用算例进行了拟合验证,可以较准确地预估规划期内折旧额,为电网科学规划、投资决策提供依据。     

固定资产折旧及其政策选择

折旧作为再生产过程中的经济现象,其本质属性是固定资产损耗价值的周转过程,包括固定资产价值的损耗、转移和补偿。在此理论基础上,企业折旧政策的选择应该是既能考虑补偿损耗、企业扩张和纳税延期的要求,又能满足维护和提高企业的市场价值的要求。折旧政策选择可采用以下策略,即企业盈利水平不断提高时,可以选择长时间慢速折旧和长时间平均折旧;企业盈利水平呈下降趋势或先高后低时,则可以选择短时间快速折旧和长时间快速折旧。     

A sectoral analysis of the financial instability hypothesis

Hyman Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) is applied to various North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industry groups, and it is found that some sectors develop much more closely in accordance with the FIH than others. Minsky categorized firms based on the relationship between cash flow and debt service requirements: hedge finance units, whose operating revenues are adequate to service current interest and principal on their debt; speculative finance units, which can meet interest payments but cannot pay down principal; and Ponzi finance units, which cannot meet current interest payments. The FIH is related to, as well as supportive of, Austrian Business Cycle (ABC) theory, because interest rates are negatively correlated with the proportion and market value of speculative firms in several sectors.