Optimal Emissions Taxation under Imperfect Competition in a Durable Good Industry

This paper investigates optimal emissions taxation under imperfect competition in a durable good industry where products are sold (instead of rented). As a benchmark, attention is paid to the special case of monopoly with exogenously given product durability. In line with previous literature, the optimal emission tax in this benchmark model falls short of marginal damage (underinternalization). Extending the benchmark model either to the case of an oligopolistic market structure and/or to the case of endogenous product durability then provides two cases in which the optimal emission tax overinternalizes marginal damage.     

What Role Taxes and Regulation? A Second Look at Open Market Share Buyback Activity in the UK

This paper re-examines the evidence on open market share repurchase activity reported by Rau and Vermaelen (2002) for the UK. Using data from the Securities Data Corporation (SDC), Rau and Vermaelen conclude that the level of repurchase activity is trivial. They attribute the low repurchase volume to regulatory restrictions that limit companies' ability to take advantage of an undervalued stock price and conclude that the bulk of repurchase activity that does occur is driven by the desire to generate tax credits for pension funds. Using data collected from a variety of sources, we find that the SDC substantially understates UK open market buyback activity. Based on our more comprehensive dataset we conclude that (a) pension funds' tax considerations are not the primary cause of UK share repurchases and (b) despite the prevailing regulatory environment, underpricing still represents an important determinant of repurchase activity.     

关于A股上市企业海外并购绩效影响因素的实证分析

经济全球化进程中,中国对外投资的数量也随着中国国际化进程的推进而快速增长。相较国内并购,中国服务型企业的海外并购呈现出更多的不确定性。对于海外并购活动能否为中国正迈向全球市场的上市公司创造更多价值,这些价值创造的绩效取决于哪些因素,以及不同类型间的并购绩效与并购特征有何不同的问题,本项目选取2005-2015年中国A股上市公司的441个海外并购的案例样本进行基于倾向性得分-双重差分模型(PSM-DID)的实证分析,以为新形势下我国投身海外扩张的企业更好地认识海外并购绩效,建立并购的长效机制作出贡献。     

现金股利对会计信息的治理

会计只能提供相对相关和可靠的信息,在控制逆向选择和道德风险方面作用有限,形成了会计目标实现的障碍,这迫使投资者不得不去寻找其他信息渠道,以期更有效地决策。现金股利就是投资者寻找的信息渠道之一,它和会计信息在提高信息的相关性、可靠性以及控制逆向选择和道德风险方面共同发挥作用,并形成竞争态势,这种竞争态势实质上起到了对会计信息的治理作用。     

Optimal taxation and redistribution in an OLG model with unemployment

This paper concerns redistribution via nonlinear income taxation in an overlapping generations model with two ability-types. We assume that the wage rates are determined by bargaining between unions and firms, meaning that the equilibrium is characterized by involuntary unemployment. We show that the policy instruments that are used to calculate the marginal labor income tax rate for each ability-type give rise to intertemporal tax base effects. In addition, since the relationship between the employment and the capital stock implies intertemporal production inefficiency at the second best optimum, imperfect competition in the labor market may itself justify capital income taxation.      

我国收入分配领域存在的问题及解决的办法

目前,我国收入分配领域存在收入分配不公平和收入分配秩序混乱等问题,必须从以下几个方面入手加以解决:一、惩治腐败,严厉打击非法收入。二、加快对垄断行业的改革,规范垄断行业的收入分配。三、加快税收制度改革,缩小收入分配差距。四、建立和完善覆盖全民的基本公共服务体系,推进基本公共服务均等化。     

基于双螺旋结构的创业机会识别模型构建

自创业活动作为一门科学出现在学术研究领域开始,各国对创业活动的关注就从未停止过。而创业机会的识别问题作为创业活动的起点,就一直是创业领域研究的关键问题。而从个人因素、机会因素两大维度对创业机会的识别进行探讨,分析影响创业机会识别的主要因素,将有助于完善创业研究的理论体系,为今后的科研工作奠定更为坚实的基础。     

公司治理中代理问题的新动向

纵观企业的发展史,可以看出,随着公司制企业的产生,所有权与经营权开始分离,公司治理与代理问题也随之产生。随着时间的推移,当股权结构由分散趋于集中时,公司治理中代理问题正由外部股东与内部管理者之间的委托代理向控股股东与小股东之间的委托代理转化。     

产业与消费“双升级”畅通经济双循环的影响机制研究

加快构建“以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”已成为新时代我国经济发展的战略选择。然而,当前我国国内经济大循环的关键环节与国际经济循环的主要方面尚存在一些堵点,不利于双循环新格局的加快形成。产业与消费“双升级”对畅通经济双循环有着重要的作用。产业与消费“双升级”通过供给质量提升、技术进步方式转换、就业增加扩容三大机制能有效地疏通国内经济大循环关键环节的主要堵点,并进一步通过有为政府与有效市场的协同作用,畅通国内经济大循环。同时,国内经济大循环畅通的过程又将助力于疏通国际经济循环的主要方面所存在的堵点,使得我国以更高的规模经济效能、产业层级和更强的比较优势参与国际分工和协作,并反哺带动国内经济大循环,加快二者相互促进,最终形成经济双循环新发展格局。     

Dividend Forecast Biases in Index Option Valuation

Since the early days of option pricing theory,the assumption that the dividends on the underlying stock or index over the life of the contract are known has not been challenged. We examine the sensitivity of index option prices to the assumption of dividend uncertainty. We consider a number of issues related to the forecasting of dividends and build a dividend forecasting model that passes several rigorous tests for unbiasedness. We then generate option prices using contemporary market levels and interest rates. We find that prices generated with the actual dividends are unbiased with respect to those generated using the forecasted dividends. The magnitudes of the forecast errors, however, are sufficiently large to suggest a concern, but the percentage errors are consistently small, typically amounting to less than two percent of the option price. We conclude that the convenient assumption that the stream of future dividendsis known is probably innocuous. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.