Does china income FSDs follow Benford? A comparison between Chinese income first significant digit distribution with Benford distribution

Since Benford’s law is an empirical phenomenon that occurs in a range of data sets, this raises the question as to whether or not the same thing might be true in terms of the Chinese income distribution data. We focus on the first significant digit (FSD) distribution of Chinese micro income data from the 2005 Inter-Census sample, which corresponds to 1% of Chinese population and other micro income data from the China family panel studies (CFPS) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). We use information theoretic-entropy based methods to investigate the degree to which Benford’s FSD law is consistent with the FSD of Chinese income data and our findings suggest consistency between the Chinese FSD income distribution and Benford’s distribution. The close connection between the two distributions has implications for the quality of the sample of Chinese micro data.     

海南岛休闲农业布局现状的实证分析

[目的]全面分析海南岛休闲农业布局现状,为海南岛休闲农业科学合理规划和均衡协调发展提供决策参考。[方法]文章利用海南岛259家休闲农业企业的地理数据,采用比较、缓冲、密度分析工具,从数量、类型、密度、距离衰减方面实证分析海南岛休闲农业的布局特征,并提出相应的优化对策。[结果](1)海南岛东部、中部和西部休闲农业数量分布比重分别为51%、29%和20%,其中国家级示范点数量分布比重分别为83%、17%和0%;(2)休闲农业主要类型有休闲农庄、观光农园、市民农园和农家乐,除休闲农庄在东部、中部、西部分布较均匀外,其他类型分布较不均衡;(3)距离市县中心越远,休闲农业分布密度越小,95%的休闲农业分布在距离市县中心30km以内,距离市县中心10~15km是休闲农业的高峰集聚区;(4)海南岛休闲农业已在海口、保亭、三亚、澄迈、琼中、琼海、定安、儋州形成8个高度集聚带。[结论]海南岛休闲农业无论在数量、类型和密度上都是东部地区最多,中部次之,西部最少。应积极推进具有农业发展优势的地区,因地制宜拓展产业休闲功能;休闲农业产品类型单一的地区,深度挖掘特色资源和文化内涵;加强休闲农业点与旅游景区、生活服务中心之间的跨区域联系,形成和谐发展的有机旅游整体,使休闲农业真正成为农业转型、农民增收的引擎。     

一种经验模式分解下的海杂波小目标检测方法

利用海杂波有效探测海上小目标是目前雷达探测领域的热点问题，具有重要的应用价值。鉴于海杂波是一种非线性非平稳性的雷达回波信号，充分发挥整体平均经验模式分解的优势，将海杂波分解为若干个不同尺度的独立分量。通过研究发现有目标时，分解出的前5个分量与未分解前信号的相关系数明显减小，因此提出了一种新的海杂波背景下的目标检测方法。通过实测和模拟的海杂波数据进行训练和测试，研究结果表明，该方法能有效地实现海杂波下目标的探测，性能优于经典时域下、分数阶傅里叶变换域下以及平均经验模式分解后的广义Hurst指数的目标检测方法。     

A review of empirical research on interorganizational relations in tourism

During the last few decades, a growing body of literature has been produced on various aspects of interorganizational relations (IOR) in tourism. This paper provides a review of that literature. The findings are based on a review of 269 empirical papers published in 37 tourism journals between 1989 and the first quarter of 2017. The review identifies six main research themes relating to relationship formation, structure and activities, governance, maintenance, outcomes, and evolution. Based on the insights from this review, an organizing framework for research on IOR in tourism is developed and four opportunities for advancing research on IOR in tourism are proposed relating to the pursuit of causal inference, supply networks as a unit of analysis, quantifying outcomes of IOR in tourism, and addressing marginalized topics.     

A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE ON FARMER COOPERATIVES: PERFORMANCE,OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE,FINANCE, AND MEMBER ATTITUDE

The empirical literature on farmer cooperatives is now fast emerging and developing in the areas of performance, ownership and governance, finance, and member attitude. We discuss 56 peer‐reviewed publications to illustrate the main findings and conclusions while outlining challenges and opportunities for future research. Generally, cooperative membership is found to positively impact price, yield, input adoption, income, and other indicators of member performance, yet there is growing evidence of an uneven distribution of benefits for small and large producers. In terms of structure, evidence of a causal relationship of ownership and governance to performance has been elusive, yet there are now many findings of inherent equity and long‐term debt constraints, often in the context of consolidation to drive scale and scope economies. Further inefficiency is observed to be driven by increased heterogeneity in member attitudes and objectives, in particular in terms of commitment and participation. Thus, overall, empirical work portrays farmer cooperatives as flawed and complex business organizations which nonetheless have a strong positive impact on its members. While applied research may progress in various directions, a general improvement in empirical methodologies is needed to allow robust analysis of mixed objectives in dynamic environments.     

山东省与江苏省对外直接投资差异及影响因素研究

山东、江苏作为中国的经济大省,其对外直接投资已成为推动经济发展的重要因素。基于2008—2017年山东省17地市、江苏省13地市对外直接投资面板数据,利用泰尔指数对两省对外直接投资存在的总体区域间差异进行衡量,并针对对外直接投资差异的相关影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:工业发展水平、人力资源成本、研发水平和金融发展规模对山东省对外直接投资影响显著,经济发展水平、出口贸易和外商直接投资对山东省对外直接投资影响不显著;人力资源成本、出口贸易对江苏省对外直接投资影响显著,研发水平、工业发展水平、经济发展水平、外商直接投资以及金融发展规模影响不显著,分析后提出相关建议。     

Tourism as a discipline in light of the non-classical sociology of science

Embedding the issue of the recognition of tourism by the academia in the context of the scientific identity of the researchers of tourism can bring valuable insights into the debate. Moreover, such an approach is aligned with the main assumptions of social constructionism and the non-classical sociology of science (knowledge) stemming from the paradigm theory of science formulated by Kuhn. These concepts served as the foundations for the present research, allowing for the formulation of its main hypothesis: that every academic community has the right to decide whether it accepts tourism as a separate academic discipline or not, and that there is no reason why any opinion on this matter should be imposed on everyone. Another useful piece of information can be gained by adopting an epistemological perspective in the form of the questions: will separating tourism from other disciplines make it possible for us to learn more about it? Or should we continue considering it through the prisms of other disciplines? These were the premises which drove both parts of the present research: literature query and empirical study (which featured results from researchers from all around the world), and were addressed in the conclusion.     

我国省际体育文化产业竞争力评价与提升研究——基于31省市数据的实证分析

本研究构建一个由产业效益、成本控制、市场占有和可持续发展四个维度构成的体育文化产业竞争力指标体系,运用因子分析法测算了各项指标权重,对全国31个省区体育文化产业竞争力进行排名,结果表明:从整体态势来看,我国体育文化产业竞争力水平存在明显的区域差异,呈"东高西低"趋势;从聚类分析来看,可以将我国31个省区分为三个集团:第一集团(山东、广东、北京、江苏、上海和浙江),第二集团(山西、安徽、江西、河北、陕西、黑龙江、云南、天津、内蒙古、吉林、广西、新疆、湖南、重庆、辽宁、河南、福建、湖北、四川),第三集团(青海、宁夏、西藏、海南、贵州、甘肃)。     

Small Business and Empirical Perspectives in Business Ethics: Editorial

In this editorial to a collection of papers on ethics in small firms, the case is made for greater use of high quality empirical research on business ethics. Sociological perspectives have much to offer to the field of business ethics that continues to be dominated by normative, moral philosophy. The second contribution of the paper is to argue for a re-orientation away from the large multi-national firm as a benchmark subject of business ethics research. One important point of view to be included is that of the small firm, which remains the dominant organisational form throughout all the OECD countries.     

产业集聚：安徽省吸收外资的战略选择

在新时期能否抓住机遇，大力引进外资，是关系安徽省未来经济高度发展的关键问题。本文在分析安徽省招商引资现状的基础上，运用实证分析和理论分析的方法，得出产业集聚是安徽省吸引外资的重要选择，并针对安徽省产业集聚现存问题，提出了整合安徽省产业集聚的政策建议。