试论注册会计师的法律责任边界与风险分担机制

独立审计契约的社会化和不确定性,导致了审计风险的无限扩大。这不仅会影响独立审计职能的充分发挥,也会影响注册会计师事业的发展。明确界定独立审计的责任边界,建立独立审计风险分担机制,对于防范和化解审计风险、促进注册会计师行业的健康发展,是至关重要的。注册会计师承担法律责任的构成要件有:注册会计师有加害行为;注册会计师对委托人或利害关系人造成了损害;注册会计师的加害行为与委托人或利害关系人受到的损害之间存在因果关系;注册会计师主观上存在过错。注册会计师的风险分担机制应包括:受害人过错的责任分担、第三人过错的责任分担、会计师事务所职业风险基金和执业责任保险、注册会计师赔偿基金、注册会计师协会共同赔偿基金、国家赔偿基金等。     

期货投机交易对现货市场的稳定效应及福利分析

设立股指期货市场 ,引入大量投机交易者是否会对证券现货市场产生负面影响 ,是导致目前市场管理者在设立股指期货市场时犹豫不决的重要原因。本文通过建立两阶段的理论模型以及国际股指期货币市场数据的实证表明 ,股指期货的风险分担和信息传递功能将导致我国股票现货市场波动的减缓和原有市场参与者福利的提高     

Optimal insurance and reinsurance policies chosen jointly in the individual risk model

The paper studies the so-called individual risk model where both a policy of per-claim insurance and a policy of reinsurance are chosen jointly by the insurer in order to maximize his/her expected utility. The insurance and reinsurance premiums are defined by the expected value principle. The problem is solved under additional constraints on the reinsurer’s risk and the residual risk of the insured. It is shown that the solution to the problem is the following: The optimal reinsurance is a modification of stop-loss reinsurance policy, so-called stop-loss reinsurance with an upper limit; the optimal insurer’s indemnity is a combination of stop-loss- and deductible policies. The results are illustrated by a numerical example for the case of exponential utility function. The effects of changing model parameters on optimal insurance and reinsurance policies are considered.     

Multidimensional principal–agent value for money in healthcare project financing

Value for money (VfM) is a key parameter for the public sector in the choice between a public–private partnership (PPP) and traditional procurement, especially for healthcare infrastructure. This paper investigates the differences in what VfM means to the public and private sectors.     

财政支持中小企业信用担保政策研究

在财政支持中小企业信用担保中,应明确中央财政与地方财政支持中小企业信用担保体系的责任;完善中小企业信用担保组织体系,促进财政支持路径的集中化与系统化;建立风险共担机制,实现中小企业政策性担保业务的可持续;提高财政资金的使用效率与透明度,促进财政支持制度的规范化;明确政策性信用担保机构的政策性目标,落实国家发展战略;明确小企业为信用担保机构侧重支持的对象;继续实施税收优惠政策,支持商业性信用担保机构的发展;以互助性信用担保机构为龙头,构建地域性中小企业服务平台;推进中小企业信用担保机构监管体系的完善等。     

政策性金融改革与浙江民间资本对接

本文介绍了美日等发达国家和国内一些地区以政策性金融、商业性金融和民间资本相结合的融资创新模式,在借鉴这些经验的基础上,指出要建立一套政策性、商业性金融机构、企业主体和财政共担风险的机制,从而打造一个规范的政策性金融体系.     

地方融资与政策性融资中的风险共担和风险规避机制

我国存在的地方融资平台产生的大量政策性融资已是不争的事实,也是客观现实的需求。现在我们关注的问题不在于地方债的多少,而应更多地关注债务风险,这一债务风险是商业性风险和政策性风险的组合,因此需要建立一套风险共担机制,即由财政、银行、企业共同通过合理而有度的方式进行风险的规避和防范。     

Search for a theory of organized crimes

Casual empirical observations reveal no systematic relationship between the overall crime rate and organized criminal activity. We develop a search-theoretic framework to study the interactions not only between formal labor and crime sectors but also between individual and organized crimes. In equilibrium, individual and organized criminals face different arrest risks, success rates, reward structures and outside options. We characterize agents' “occupational choices,” the gang's hierarchical structure and the responses of unemployment, crime rates and crime composition to changes in labor-market conditions and crime-deterrence policies. We further assess the effectiveness of arrest versus punishment policies in deterring individual and organized crimes.     

保险市场与农村信贷市场的对接模式研究

当前,绝大多数农村信贷风险都是由借款人来承担。针对这一现象,文章指出,引入保险机制,对完善农村信贷市场,建立健全农村金融服务体系,促进农民增收具有重要的战略意义。结合国际经验,文章探析了保险市场与农村信贷市场的可能对接路径：跨市场的机构合作,跨市场的产品和资金对接以及单一市场的机构业务创新。最后提出了完善农村金融市场体系的建议。     

Co-creation as a risk-sharing strategy for the development of innovative EUV lithography technology in the semiconductor industry

Co-creation is becoming an innovative way for new technology development (NTD). We propose a four-staged co-creation model drawn upon a backdrop of ‘knowledge cloud’ for value creation and long-term customer commitment resulting in risk-sharing associated with NTD. The model is elaborated through the case of a leading semiconductor lithography equipment manufacturer (ASML) developing a new extreme ultraviolet lithography technology by engaging the major stakeholders in customer co-investment programme. The model is generic and applicable to any technology-driven industry and may include more stakeholders of same or allied technology.