国内外汽车检测技术发展状况

国外汽车检测技术的发展 在汽车发展的早期,人们主要是通过“眼看”、“耳听”、“手摸”的方法,凭借维修人员的经验发现汽车的故障并作有针对性的修理。随着汽车技术的发展,特别是现代电子技术、计算机技术的进步,汽车检测技术也飞速发展。目前人们已经能依靠各种先进的仪器、设备,对汽车进行不解体检测,达到安全、迅速、准确地诊断和评价汽车性能的目的,使汽车检测设备和仪器成为汽车维护与修理、保持汽车     

Optimal Environmental Policy Differentials in Open Economies under Emissions Constraints

Is there a case for preferential treatment of the exposed sector in an economy when compliance to an aggregate emissions constraint induced by an international environmental agreement is mandatory? This question is being debated in many countries in the context of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. We address the issue in a general equilibrium framework and theoretically cover several market structures, including perfect competition, the large country case and oligopoly. We identify the conditions under which preferential treatment of the exposed sector is not warranted from the point of view of maximizing social welfare. In addition, we demonstrate that in the case of oligopoly, instituting a more stringent environmental policy on the exposed sector might be profit-enhancing for this sector. This finding lends theoretical support to a specific interpretation of the Porter hypothesis.     

Efficiency Gains Under Exchange-Rate Emission Trading

In the case of emission of non-uniformly dispersed pollutants such as SO2 the negative effects depend on the location of the sources. A unit increase at one source must be compensated by either a larger or smaller reduction at another source to keep the negative effects at the same level. Emission trading between countries is possible under the Second Sulphur Protocol. Exchange rate trading and third party problems are studied within a simultaneous model facilitating impositions of various environmental constraints. Simulations based on the negotiated emission quotas are offered. Results indicate potential cost savings of 19%.     

How warm is the corporate response to climate change? Evidence from Pakistan and the UK

In response to growing consensus among scientists and governments to act fast to avoid dangerous impacts of climate change, many industries have started to prepare for a carbon‐constrained world. However, this response is far from being uniform. Often action is predicated on economic, technological, organizational and institutional drivers and barriers, which vary between countries and across industrial sectors. In order to understand the effectiveness of industry response, it is therefore important to analyse corporate response across different sectors in different countries. Focusing on the nine most energy‐intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting industrial sectors, this paper compares corporate responses to climate change in Pakistan and the UK. By analysing the divergence of strategies adopted by industries across different sectors in two countries, the paper examines the key factors influencing corporate adoption and implementation of GHG reduction and energy‐efficiency strategies in Pakistan and the UK. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

COPENHAGEN,CANCÚN AND THE LIMITS OF GLOBAL WELFARE ECONOMICS

The rise of a global welfare economics directed at the environmental challenges facing our planet represents a new policy phenomenon. This paper examines the most ambitious attempt so far to put such economics into practice via the Kyoto Protocol and more specifically the Clean Development Mechanism of the Protocol. The Copenhagen and Cancún climate change conferences have put an end to hopes of the Protocol serving as an effective tool in the mitigation of global warming. This failure of the new global welfare economics is the result of flawed principles, not just defective implementation.     

国际碳金融市场:现状、问题与前景

碳金融市场,是温室气体排放权交易以及与之相关的各种金融活动和交易的总称,它为全球控制温室气体排放提供了重要的市场支持,同时也成为潜力巨大的金融交易市场。本文介绍了国际碳金融交易市场的市场结构、参与者与交易工具,探讨了该市场发展的缺陷并展望了影响其发展的政策前景。     

TDM协议实现的网型超宽带系统

超宽带系统通常使用纳秒级的超宽带脉冲，系统内所有用户实现同步是非常困难的。本文提出了一种时分多路复用(TDM)网型超宽带系统，根据系统内同步基准站提供的同步信息和每个用户分配的发送时间，实现系统内所有用户间信息交换。计算机仿真和理论计算结果表明：同步帧中使用的同步脉冲越多，同步概率越高。     

协议分析在入侵检测系统中的应用

模式匹配是入侵检测系统中常用的方法,这种算法速度快、效率高。但是单独使用模式匹配方法来检测入侵还存在一些弊端。为此,给出了一种高效、可靠的检测方法,即结合使用协议分析与模式匹配的分析方法,同时给出一个例子来说明协议分析的实现过程。     

浅谈任务管理系统中任务调度的实现

本文介绍了任务管理系统在业务管理平台中的应用，阐述了任务管理流程、批量任务队列和任务线程的概念，并侧重分析了任务分析器、队列管理器、任务接收器、任务管理池等各个部分在任务调度实现中所起到的作用，以及任务调度的具体流程和实现方法。     

基于公平发展视角的碳减排国际比较

发达国家和发展中国家对认定碳排放历史责任、分配碳减排任务还存在诸多争议,使得应对全球气候变化的国际碳减排合作机制充满变数。构建国际面板数据模型分析32个发达国家和17个发展中国家1971—2009年经济增长对二氧化碳排放的影响程度,结果表明：碳排放的收入弹性系数呈现增长趋势,其中发达国家碳排放的收入弹性系数一直大于发展中国家,2005年后也没有严格履行碳减排义务;同时,《京都议定书》规定的碳减排双重政策也没有造成产业非正常转移。从各国公平拥有经济发展权的角度来看,当前要求发展中国家承担硬性碳减排义务并不公平,应该用碳排放的收入弹性系数来评价各国碳减排效果。