中国的DD-AA模型和宏观经济政策协调的实证研究

一年前,中国正式成为世贸组织的一员。随着开放程度的加深,对外贸易和国际资本流动对我国经济的影响日益增大。因此,在制定经济政策、分析政策效果时,我们必须同时关注内部均衡和外部均衡。本文在比较现有的三种模型的基础上,结合中国的情况,对DD-AA模型作了三点改进,并用实证的方法建立了适合中国的DD-AA模型,然后分析了货币政策、财政政策和汇率政策的效果,最后对如何加强政策协调提出了建议。     

对蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的修正--中国经济增长对人民币汇率作用机制

蒙代尔-弗菜明模型认为，经济增长会使一国经常账户恶化从而导致本国货币贬值，中国自1994年以来经济快速增长，而经常账户却是持续顺差，在利率不断下降条件下，资金大量流入，人民币汇率稳中有升，外汇储备大幅度增加，这些显然有悖于蒙代尔-弗菜明模型。本文认为，购买力平价理论更符合中国现实，并给出了购买力平价理论动态表述，然后对传统的汇率货币模型进行修正，进一步分析经济增长与汇率之间关系。最后本文对蒙代尔-弗莱明模型国际收支平衡线进行修正，并运用修正后的M-F模型分析在开放经济条件下的财政政策与货币政策效果。     

大中国经济一体化进程及其决定因素——基于平价条件差别的计量分析

本文评估了大中国(祖国大陆、香港和台湾地区)经济体之间的联系,并将之和日本、美国做了比较。真实利息平价、公开利息平价和购买力平价被分别用来测量资本、金融和商品市场的一体化程度。研究显示,没有重要的证据表明“大中国”经济体间的一体化水平强于大陆和其他两个非“大中国”经济体,经济一体化进程需要依靠政府的制度。     

Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in OECD

This study revisits Purchasing Power Parity theory (PPP) in the 34 OECD countries during January 1994–August 2013. We use a new panel stationary test with both sharp breaks and smooth shifts, a novel approach to panel unit-root testing, proposed by Bahmani–Oskooee et al. (2014). The results indicate that the PPP holds in half of the 34 OECD countries. These results indicate the importance of proper modelling of both sharp breaks and smooth shifts in real effective exchange rate series of OECD countries.     

Misuse of the ‘modified’ t statistic in regulatory telecommunications

Since the enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (1996), extensive expert testimony has justified use of the ‘modified’ t statistic (Brownie et al. Biometrics 46 (1990) 259–266) for performing two-sample hypothesis tests on Bell companies’ CLEC and ILEC performance measurement data. This paper demonstrates how key statistical claims made about the ‘modified’ t in this setting are false, leading not only to incorrect inferences as it currently is being used, but also to the possible undermining of the primary stated objective of the Act—the promotion of competition in the newly deregulated local telephone service markets. A simulation study provides strong evidence for the use of several other easily-implemented statistical procedures in this context; they should be useful in other settings as well.     

"不规则"联动汇率与股价的研究

本研究综述2000年以来的对汇率与股价关系研究的代表性文章,认为即便两者之间存在"不规则"性,但还是可以从"不规则"中寻找出相对规律。这就需要模型设定约束条件。不仅要考虑经济体(或国家)和地区的对外经济的开放度和金融市场的成熟度,而且还考虑汇率波动(风险贴水)与股市涨跌(引起货币需求变化)各自为对方扮演的角色(时间段上)。由于两个市场定价的内生性使得现在的理论模型都处于"过渡性"。未来的希望寄托在汇率的货币主义分析法与跨期国际资产定价模型的融合。在实证分析方面如何突破协整以及向量自回归之类的框框有待新的非线性工具的开发。     

Purchasing Power Parity and aggregation bias for a developing country: The case of Mexico

This paper investigates long-run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) between the US and Mexico. We use a panel of disaggregated price data between the US and Mexico with a long time series to look at two types of aggregation bias. The first is examined in Imbs et al. — which we refer to as estimator aggregation bias — and the second is put forth by Broda and Weinstein — hereafter, data aggregation bias. The findings indicate substantial estimator aggregation bias and data aggregation bias. Although estimates using aggregate data and imposing homogeneous coefficients provide little evidence of PPP, findings with disaggregated data and heterogeneous coefficient estimators offer strong support. The results also suggest the presence of small-sample bias as examined in Chen and Engel, but with little effect on the qualitative results. Tradable goods and non-tradable goods show little distinction in convergence rates. Estimated half-lives are lower under flexible than fixed exchange rates and indicate rapid convergence during the Mexican peso crisis.     

我国地区之间实际收入差距小于名义收入差距 --加入地区间价格差异后的一项研究

影响地区间实际生活水平差异的因素包括居民名义收入和地区间价格水平差异两个方面。用价格水平对名义收入调整后才是地区间真实的收入差异。本文对我国36个城市人均可支配收入进行了价格调整,发现城市间真实生活水平的差异小于货币收入表示的名义收入差距。     

“逆周期因子”提高了人民币汇率中间价的市场基准地位吗？——基于时变溢出指数的实证研究

为了对冲外汇市场情绪的顺周期波动,缓解市场中的羊群效应,中国人民银行于2017年5月26日在人民币汇率中间价报价中引入"逆周期因子"。本文基于TVP-VAR模型,构造了时变的溢出指数,通过量化分析方法考察了"逆周期因子"对人民币汇率中间价基准地位的影响。研究发现,第一,"逆周期因子"的引入导致人民币中间价对其他汇率的溢出效应降低,中间价的基准地位被削弱。第二,从整个人民币汇率体系来看,"逆周期因子"的引入提高了汇率体系的总体溢出水平,系统的联动效应增强。第三,"逆周期因子"的引入对短期汇率体系的影响大于对长期汇率体系的影响。基于此,本文提出了应进一步完善"逆周期因子"的构成,实现逆周期与保持中间价基准地位并存等政策建议。     

构造接近香农极限的低密度校验码

跨国公司在进行全球经营的过程中,势必面临不同文化的冲击,对其进行有效的跨文化管理,关系着其运营的成败。在进行管理的过程中,要分析成员不同文化背景及由此产生的个性特点,其次,要本着包容的态度去进行跨文化管理,建立本企业特点的文化管理,从而有针对性地采取具体管理对策。