自来水供应系统水质风险耦合致因分析

以城市自来水水质事故致因为研究视角,首先识别供水水质风险因素,并从单、双及多因素角度分析供水水质风险因素间的耦合关系,再借助N-K模型对2008—2017年全国所发生的362起城市重大供水水质风险耦合度进行度量。结果表明:城市自来水供应动态系统中,水质风险率随着参与耦合的风险因素的增多而增加;管理因素风险是水质风险的内因,风险管控是规避水质风险的关键;环境因素风险对水质事故的发生起推动作用。     

电力系统故障仿真软件分析

随着电力市场不断发展、电力电子技术的逐步应用、大型电力系统串级式故障的不断出现和对电力系统控制器的深入研究,电力系统仿真软件的应用也越来越迫切,文章介绍了电力系统动态模拟装置模拟软件和电磁暂态仿真软件,以全面提高软件资源共享的能力。     

The rise of defensive engineering: how personal liability considerations impact decision-making

Abstract

Based on a survey of Australian engineers (n = 275) this paper examines the impact of personal liability considerations on engineering decision-making. Almost all respondents who make high-stakes decisions saw questions of liability as having both positive (90%) and negative (87%) impacts. Our analysis shows that awareness of personal liability acts to focus the attention of many engineers on the moral dimension of their work. However, it also encourages more expensive decision-making, inhibition of innovation and professional paralysis. We argue that while personal legal liability is a legitimate way to focus engineers’ attention on the potential impact of their work, a problem arises when decision-makers are held responsible for disasters over which they had little control. The focus then shifts to ‘defensive engineering’ practices that are aimed at limiting individual liability rather than disaster prevention. Legal processes that are seen to unfairly allocate blame do not encourage practices that support future disaster prevention.     

论石化企业起重机作业伤害事故的发生、处理与预防对策

本文介绍了石化企业起重机作业伤害事故发生的形式和特点,分析了起重机作业伤害事故发生的原因和事故发生后的处理措施,有针对性地提出了相应的预防对策,有利于提高起重机作业的安全系数,减少事故的发生。     

A strategic planning model for the railway system accident rescue problem

The present study examines the location of emergency rescue problems for urban ambulance and railway emergency systems. The proposed model considers probabilistic rescue demand, independent busy fractions of ambulances, and the corresponding risk levels in railway segments. We formulate the proposed model using fuzzy multi-objective programming and solve it using a generic algorithm and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Computation results are analyzed by applying the model to a real-world Taiwan railway system. Analytical results demonstrate that a proper adjustment of the rescue resource location improves rescue effectiveness for railway rescue and urban medical service demand.     

阐述如何加强道路桥梁施工监理

通常,道路桥梁的施工难度较高,其中涵盖的内容较多,如技术管理、预算管理、成本控制等。这些因素使道路桥梁的施工变得更为困难,施工的复杂性和综合性更加突出。在桥梁的施工过程中,存在着许多风险,所以需要做好施工监理工作,从而最大限度地保障施工过程中不会出现任何故障和问题。因此,加强道路桥梁施工监理至关重要。论文从道路桥梁施工的角度,探究和分析如何做好相关的监理工作。     

HAZOP在地下非煤矿山人员伤亡事故中的应用探讨

危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)能够在化工企业成功运用,同样也可以在矿业工程领域得到很好的应用。HAZOP在非煤地下矿山人员伤亡事故中的应用,通过对事故发生、初期事故处理、撤离工作区、撤离矿井四个节点的分析,找出井下人员伤亡事故的原因并加以控制。     

油田井下作业事故分析及应对措施探讨

石油行业是我国工业发展的命脉,能够为国家创造更高的经济价值。但是,这个行业也同样伴随着较高的安全风险。石油井下作业过程往往复杂多变,具有极高的危险性。本文首先列举了石油井下作业事故的类型,接着详细分析了安全事故的发生原因,最后针对发现的问题,提出了相应的应对措施,希望可以对油田井下作业安全防治问题有所帮助。     

基于模糊综合评判的在役施工升降机安全事故分析

施工升降机是建筑工地常用的建筑起重机械。由于施工现场环境恶劣,人货混用普遍,导致升降机安全问题频发。本文分析了近年来升降机安全事故的主要类型及发生原因,并结合模糊综合评判法,对在役升降机的安全事故的原因进行了模糊评判。     

从韩系轮胎的质量问题看政府监管

韩国锦湖轮胎因为在轮胎生产过程中大剂量添加返炼胶而导致轮胎存在鼓包、胎体内侧帘线外露、漏气等质量隐患,已发生多起爆胎事件。在中央电视台2011年“3·15晚会”对韩系轮胎质量问题曝光以后,却出现了消费者维权无门。事故责任方气焰嚣张的现象,这说明政府监管严重缺位。政府相关部门应尽快补位,抓紧健全法律法规、增强执行力,做好“裁判员”工作,构建完善的监管体系,完善市场规则,从而真正保障消费者的权益。