Risk aversion,prudence and temperance: An experiment in gain and loss

We characterize the individual's attitude towards risk, prudence and temperance in the gain and loss domains. We analyze the links between the three features of preferences for a given domain and between domains for each feature of preferences. Consequently, the reflection effect, the mixed risk aversion and the risk apportionment, are key concepts of our study. We also display some determinants for risk aversion, prudence and temperance in each domain. To do this, we conducted a lab experiment with students eliciting risk aversion, prudence and temperance in the two domains, and collected information about each subject's characteristics.     

Structural breaks in the correlations between Asian and US stock markets

The study explores the structural breaks in the correlations between nine Asian stock markets and the US stock market. This study employs the EGARCH-DCC model to obtain the daily correlations between Asian and the US stock markets, and use the method of Carrion-i-Silvestre (2005) to detect the structural breaks. The empirical results indicate there are multiple breaks in the correlations and imply that both 2001 Dot-com bubble and 2008 financial crisis have impacts on the correlations between Asian and the US markets. These results bring the crucial insights for the portfolio strategy of international investors.     

The entry and exit dynamics of the cryptocurrency market

This paper presents an analysis of the entry and exit dynamics of the cryptocurrency market that focuses on the growth of initial coin offerings during 2015–2020. We used two different datasets: one includes long-lived cryptocurrencies, while the other includes the whole cryptocurrency system at our disposal–that is, it considers the entering and exiting cryptocurrencies. Comparing the dynamics between both datasets with the index cohesive force approach, we assessed how the growth of the initial coin offerings and the exiting cryptocurrencies affected the connectedness of the market. Our results show that the expansion of the cryptocurrency system gave rise to a strong collective movement during 2018–2019. Afterwards, the group pressure, due to the bubble of the initial coin offerings, decreased in favour of the largest cryptocurrencies. Lastly, we observed changes in the hierarchical order of the most influential cryptocurrencies. In particular, Ethereum became the most influential cryptocurrency, at the detriment of Bitcoin.     

An investigation of the stability of returns in Western European equity markets

This paper investigates the temporal stability of various dimensions of the returns of 16 European stock markets that are relevant to an analysis of international portfolio diversification. The basic data consist of daily stock market price indices for these markets. This group of indices comprehends a wide range of stock markets differentiated by size, age and technological sophistication, but in each case located in Western Europe. Two main tests were conducted: (a) ANOVA to identify inter-temporal variability and inter-market variability over 24 three-month sub-periods from January 1989 to December 1994, and (b) cluster analysis to identify groups of markets that exhibit similar behaviour patterns. The findings suggest that, while the potential gains from an internationally diversified portfolio restricted to the equities of Western European markets appear to be substantial, the lack of inter-temporal stability in the composition of the optimal portfolio from one period to another makes these gains difficult to achieve in practice.     

The dynamics among G7 government bond and equity markets and the implications for international capital market diversification

This paper investigates potential international capital market diversification gains from relationships between global government bond and equity markets. Its primary contributions are (1) including both government debt and equity markets in the investigation of global diversification gains, (2) basing the analysis on real, risk-adjusted returns, and (3) evaluating both variance decompositions and impulse responses, as well as long-term relationships for international U.S. dollar investors. We find the cointegration, variance decomposition, and impulse response function results indicate interdependence and reduction in gains to international diversification.     

Ex ante performance from ex post models of global equity market correlations

Analysis of ex post returns reveals the time series properties of correlations, but ex ante correlations are required for efficient diversification. We find that a time-varying parameter model offers the best fit to ex post global equity market correlations, suggesting changing mean correlations and changing rates of adjustment back to the means. Nevertheless, we do not find improved forecast performance from time-varying parameter models in holdout periods. The added complexity of time-varying models does not translate into lower forecast errors.     

Modelling consumer-directed substitution

We discuss the challenges and difficulties arising when approaching and modelling the consumer-directed substitution problem in quick response supply chains. Further, we propose heuristic solutions suited for large problems with complex uncertainty and dependency patterns. Despite the single-period newsvendor model we use, our substitution process is an approximation of the dynamic product choice. To ensure consistency with regard to the information used to establish substitution fractions and information available at the time of optimisation, substitution fraction estimation and inventory/assortment optimisation are discussed simultaneously. The decision-independent substitution preferences applied here do not require inventory or sales transaction data, but reflect understanding on the demand driver attributes. This approach, in turn, leads to increased robustness in assortment planning. Factual substitution is an outcome of the optimisation process, constrained by the available substitutes and unfulfilled demand.Despite being unable to fully describe the dependencies among the substitute choice possibilities, our substitution approach, together with the modelling process, allows handling the most important dependencies, such as negatively correlated substitute choice possibilities and positively/negatively correlated first and second choice possibilities.     

More than just a cuppa coffee: A multi-dimensional approach towards analyzing the factors that define place attachment

This study primarily sought to examine whether Filipinos who frequent local coffee shops experience place attachment within the context of physical, social, cultural and environmental dimensions. It also measured how the characteristics of a third place, with home being first and workplace as second, are typified in the local coffee shops. Discussions elicited from a series of focus groups and insights from interviews with key players of the Philippine coffee industry served as reference in developing the survey questionnaire and in analyzing the survey results. Using random sampling, 272 respondents from seven coffee shops within the Greater Manila Area were selected to participate in the survey. Emotions and attitudes were considered in measuring the extent of attachment or non-attachment by the respondents to the coffee shops. Interrelationships among indicators and dimensions of attachment together with characteristics of a third place were measured through bivariate and canonical correlations.Findings revealed that physical and social dimensions defined the respondents’ attachment to the coffee shops. Data also showed that most of the characteristics of a third place are typified in the coffee shops surveyed. The study provides a new perspective of how Filipinos view coffee more than just a product but as an experience, or both. Paralleled to these results is the need for capacity maximization in creating marketing strategies that would accelerate the company's revenue growth and thus enhance customers’ coffee shop experience.     

Product variety arising from hedging in the fashion supply chains

Consider a well-defined fashion apparel category, where the variants are distinguished by style and colour, and are subject to two equally likely states of the world: State1 when some variants become popular and others unpopular, and State2 when the reverse takes place. We analyse the optimal portfolio and variety arising from hedging against uncertainty triggered by the states, by integrating the Markowitz and the Newsboy models, while carefully considering demand correlations. We show that due to the complex structure of the uncertainty, building hedging portfolios with competing items is necessary for optimality. We also show how mis-specifying the distributions can lead to very bad trade-offs between risk and expected profit, caused by a lack of proper hedging.     

外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的实证研究

我国加入世贸组织以来,服务业已成为吸引外商直接投资的重要领域。本文选取2001年进入上海市的外资服务企业作为样本,采用描述性统计和列联相关分析的方法,对外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的特征进行了实证研究。研究表明,外资服务企业的进入模式选择具有更强烈的独资倾向,并对服务行业类型、经营期限、资本密集度以及文化距离因素对外资服务企业进入模式选择的影响进行了深入分析。