Entrepreneurs in the making: Six decisions for fostering entrepreneurship through maker spaces

Maker spaces—shared production facilities offering access to basic and advanced manufacturing technologies—have quickly become the latest must-have for universities, large corporations, and communities looking to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. While the entrepreneurial and educational prospects of maker spaces are certainly intriguing, questions remain concerning their design and effectiveness. Drawing primarily on case evidence and conversations with five maker spaces located across the U.S., we identify and present six key decisions for maker space leaders looking to foster entrepreneurship in their organizations. We conclude with a decision framework for maker space leaders and a series of questions for entrepreneurs as both groups work to pursue entrepreneurship through and in maker spaces.     

Recognizing the Significance of Culture and Ethnicity: Exploring Hidden Assumptions of Homogeneity

Despite increasing focus on culture and its impact upon study results, researchers may be unaware of or ignore their own cultural biases and assumptions in interpretation of the data. Often when similarities exist between researcher and participant, the researcher may assume cultural homogeneity exists. This article provides an illustration of the problematic nature of such assumptions through the examination of a study on entrepreneurship and the intersection of work, leisure, and family. Participants included 13 men and women who were home-based business entrepreneurs living in an urban community within Newfoundland, Canada. Additional themes were uncovered when culture was addressed, including the importance of family, the division between public and private in the household, and the interconnection of gender and culture. A recommendation is given to use greater care when conducting research with participants who share a similar racial background with the researcher.     

Southeast Asian capitalism: History,institutions, states,and firms

This paper examines the structures of capitalism in Southeast Asia. Following the lead of Gordon Redding and others, it argues that parallel to varieties of capitalism elsewhere, there are distinctive features to the Southeast Asian business system, but that institutions play a relatively large role compared to firm specific resources or industry structures. Historically, with the exception of Thailand all the countries in the region are former colonies. All including Thailand share a distinctive style of nationalism, and partly as a result of this, all are governed by states that claim to be strong and lay wide claims but whose capacities are low. Typical features of the region, particularly the roles of large business groups and the Chinese minority, also can be interpreted as a result of this history. One of the outcomes of the analysis is an extension of the varieties of capitalism approach along the dimensions of state capacity and state direction, and of the approach to the internationalizing firm along the dimensions of dynamic capacity and control of subsidiaries. A further outcome is a questioning of the traditional picture of indigenous Southeast Asian business people as lacking in entrepreneurial skills, or more broadly of Southeast Asian nations as lacking in entrepreneurial values. Rather, the past history of these countries has resulted in a set of structures that militate against successful entrepreneurial activity.

Recent developments in the economics of entrepreneurship

This paper serves as an introduction to the special issue of JBV on the economics of entrepreneurship. Since the beginning of the 18th century, economics has recognized the importance of entrepreneurship at both the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. This paper reviews recent developments in the economics of entrepreneurship, discusses the principles behind the emergence of a new heterodoxy in economics, and how these new principles provide fertile grounds to further our understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior. Finally, the paper reviews the contributions included in this special issue and puts them in the context of recent developments in entrepreneurship research.     

政府支持创新创业发展政策文本量化研究(2003-2017年) ——来自国务院及16部委的数据分析

当前,“大众创业、万众创新”已成为我国实施创新驱动发展战略的关键举措。在指导和促进创新创业发展过程中,中国政府出台了大量公共政策。为厘清我国“双创”政策发展脉络,以中央政府近15年来颁布的创新创业支持政策文本为研究对象,从政策文种类型、权威主体构成及发文数量、主题关联性、政策工具4个维度进行频数统计和定量分析。结果发现,我国创新创业支持政策具有文本形式上的多样性和指导性、制定主体上的强权威性和弱协调性、主题关联上的全面性和合理性、政策工具使用上的多元性和间接性4个基本特征,并针对我国创新创业支持政策特点和不足提出相应政策建议。     

基于创业型人才培养的物流管理专业课程体系研究

物流管理专业课程设置的合理性是培养应用型、创业型物流人才的重要途径,也是提高大学生综合素质和能力的必要途径。文中围绕物流管理专业创业型人才教育这一核心思想,首先提出了创新人才的培养模式,然后细化出创业型人才培养的育人指标,最后有针对性的提出了课程设置的对策建议。     

海外高层次人才创新创业政策研究:政策工具与创新创业过程视角

在全球人才流动加速的知识经济时代,中央和地方政府相继颁布了一系列鼓励海外高层次人才创新创业的政策。通过构建政策工具—创新创业过程二维框架,以浙江省“九五”至“十三五”期间颁布的海外人才政策为研究对象,采用内容分析法和扎根理论编码进行统计分析。研究发现：浙江省海外高层次人才政策数量增长迅速,从“十五”至“十三五”开局之年政策数量呈明显上升趋势;政策发文主体较多,但协调性较弱,浙江省财政厅是重要联合发文主体;从政策工具维度而言,供给类和环境类政策过溢、需求类政策偏少;创新创业准备阶段缺乏环境型政策,起步阶段缺乏供给型政策,发展阶段缺乏需求型政策。最后,提出优化海外高层次人才政策的对策建议。     

基于大学生创业的高校创业服务价值模型构建及实证检验

剖析了高校对于大学生创业服务的价值内涵,从时间、技术、经济和信息4个维度构建了高校服务于大学生创业者的创业服务价值模型。通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,验证了模型具有较高信度和拟合度。明确了高校针对大学生创业的关键服务价值要素在于提升其创业技能、创业机会把握能力、创业失败承受能力和创业行为延续性。     

企业家资本与经济增长:一个文献综述

企业家作为在现代经济中最重要的参与者(Lazear,2005),在增长理论产生至今的大部分时间里都被排除在主流之外。近些年,伴随对增长问题理论研究的深化,企业家因素重新被纳入到人们的关注范围,并进一步剥离出了企业家资本概念。作为增长理论的最新研究成果,企业家资本强调以创设新企业作为新的增量对经济增长的推动作用,克服了传统分析模型难以将存量企业中的企业家行为纳入增长理论分析的缺陷。本文回顾了包括企业家理论、增长理论等在内的大量文献,围绕企业家资本与经济增长这一核心命题,对相关理论和实证研究成果进行了梳理和评述,以图进一步解析企业家在现代经济增长中所发挥的关键性作用。     

扎根理论下西安航空中小企业创新创业平台构建及运行机理研究

在大众创新万众创业的互联网时代,推动航空产业实现战略性快速发展,解决西安航空中小企业在创新创业中存在的突出问题,对于促进西安经济增长和西安航空中小企业竞争力提升具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。因此,提出构建与西安航空中小企业发展需求相匹配的创新创业孵化平台,剖析西安航空中小企业创新创业存在的问题及成因,并基于扎根理论,通过开放式访谈、半结构化访谈及焦点访谈,实现对航空中小企业创新创业平台构成因素的识别与选择,进一步解释平台内部构成。最后,深入分析西安航空中小企业创新创业平台运行机理,为指导航空中小企业创新创业服务提供有针对性的意见和建议。