重渡沟"景区公司+农户"的旅游产业组织模式研究

重渡沟"景区公司 农户"模式是一种基于农村社区的旅游产业组织方式,其本质就是互补品生产企业在不涉及产权的情况下,在经营层面上实现的一体化,是旅游目的地内部具有地方政府背景和主导地位的景区开发管理公司为实现地方旅游业持续发展而作出的必然选择。公司对农家旅馆的低价格定价、质量管理以及对农家旅馆市场的垄断都是对产权缺失的一种弥补。"景区公司 农户"模式有效地约束了机会主义行为的发生,保证了旅游目的地的健康、持续发展。     

The Provision of Liquidity in the Swedish Note Banking System, 1878–1901

Abstract

The working of the “asset currency” provided by the Swedish note banking system in 1878–1901 is described. Natural and institutional conditions caused the demand for currency to peak in March and September, with troughs in July and January. The paper investigates how the Enskilda banks provided liquidity to solve the problem. This is done by describing how the volume of notes varied over the year, and how other balance sheet items co-moved with them. Strong seasonal co-variation is found particularly between lending and foreign payments media, varying like communicating vessels over the sailing season in May–October (when the sea was ice free and shipments were made).     

咸宁市温泉旅游度假区温泉经济发展SWOT分析

温泉是咸宁最独特的旅游资源,咸宁温泉旅游度假区是华中地区规模最大的温泉集群。SWOT分析表明咸宁温泉旅游度假区温泉旅游开发既存在资源、区位、产业优势,也存在同质化现象严重、品牌战略缺失等劣势,面对行业竞争激烈的威胁,要抓住庞大的市场优势,采取完善产品体系,制定法规,整合资源,塑造品牌等措施实现可持续发展。     

A comparative study for determinants of gaming performance in Macao and Las Vegas

This paper studies gaming efficiency with data envelopment analyses (DEA) and its determinants with seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR). We show that gaming efficiency is higher in Macao than in Las Vegas and can be improved in both places. We find that Macao casino performance hinges on China's economic growth and visitor arrivals as well as VIP service and promotional marketing while non-gaming business and slot gaming are contributors to Las Vegas tourism efficiency. We also indicate that the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2014 China anti-corruption movement are hugely disruptive to gaming efficiency both in Macao and Las Vegas. Those results provide policy makers and casino managers with useful implications for efficiency enhancement in gaming-led tourism and hospitality.     

"大而不倒"救助政策的理论和实证研究

由于大银行倒闭的巨大破坏性,最后贷款人在救助中通常奉行"大而不倒"政策。考虑到救助成本是银行资产规模的增函数,如果救助银行是最优的,那么救助任何一个更大的银行将也是最优的,这也意味着"大而不倒"救助政策在理论上的成立。在"大而不倒"政策下,规模和风险之间存在相互影响的关系。"大而不倒"救助政策影响银行的规模选择和资产风险的组合选择,导致银行追求变得更大且更具风险。     

避暑山庄写仿杭州西湖辨析

近期有学者著文提出避暑山庄整体山水格局及部分 景点存在写仿杭州西湖的可能。针对这一说法，对相关文献重 新进行考证和分析，认为相关证据并不充分，避暑山庄在造园 过程可能受到西湖风景一定的影响，但二者的自然条件和景观 面貌存在较大差异，没有直接的对应模拟关系，不属于严格意 义上的写仿性质。清代帝王在诗文中经常以西湖为参照对象来 品赏山庄风景，但从未明确说明有直接模仿的意图。避暑山庄 湖泊的轮廓远比西湖复杂，水上堤径的走向、岛屿的形态也与 西湖不同，永佑寺塔的兴建与杭州六和塔并无关联。     

Micro-aspects of monetary policy: Lender of Last Resort and selection of banks in pre-war Japan

This paper explores how the Bank of Japan (BOJ) dealt with the trade-off between stability of the financial system and the moral hazard of banks in pre-war Japan. The BOJ concentrated Lender of Last Resort (LLR) loans with those banks that had an established transaction relationship with the BOJ. At the same time, the BOJ carefully selected its transaction counterparts, and did not hesitate to end the relationship if the performance of a counterpart declined. Further, the BOJ was selective in providing LLR loans. Through this policy, the BOJ could avoid the moral hazard that the LLR policy might otherwise have incurred.     

最后贷款人制度：设计原则与改进措施

从最后贷款人概念提出至今,西方国家对最后贷款人制度的研究已经有了200多年的历史。最后贷款人制度理论随着金融市场的变迁以及各国的实践也发生了很大的变化。本文回顾了最后贷款人制度的设计原则,包括谁来充当最后贷款人、最后贷款人的制度规则以及如何防范最后贷款人引起的道德风险等,在此基础上结合我国的现实情况提出了完善我国最后贷款人制度的若干建议。     

Incentivized methods to generate electronic word-of-mouth: Implications for the resort industry

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) via social media and the internet is a popular channel through which consumers are communicating with other consumers. To increase eWOM effectiveness, some resorts have developed alternative methods to incentivize consumers to generate eWOM. These methods include: hiring reviewers, providing social currency to acquire products at a later date, or providing free product (stays at their resort). Under the theoretical framework of the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad and Wright, 1994), the impact of these methods on consumers’ perception of the resort’s image, moral judgments regarding the methods, and attitudes toward the resort was studied through an experiment. We found that the different methods to incentivize eWOM yielded significantly different moral judgments, which then predicted consumers’ attitudes toward the resort and the resort’s image. Additionally, different levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumers’ perception of industry practice norms also had effects on consumers’ moral judgments.     

Ecotourism VS Kingfisher Bay Resort

[abstract]Ecotourism has been the wave of tourism in the recent years. It reflects the increasing concern of sustainability and environment. This report has a critical analysis about the key features of Kingfisher Bay Resort as an ecotourism leader, its management practices and quality control measures, describes two other stakeholders who may be interested in ecotourism area and provides some recommendations and implementations.