悖论思维对创造力的“过犹不及”效应研究

悖论思维帮助个体发现对立事物间的联系,有利于创造性想法或创意的生成,但过高水平的悖论思维极易导致认知过载,使个体无暇顾及需要想象力和灵感的创造性活动。基于"过犹不及效应",本文提出悖论思维对员工创造力产生非线性影响。同时,根据能力-动机-机会(AMO)的理论框架,探索个人学习能力在这一关系中的中介作用,以及领导调节聚焦行为的调节作用。本文认为:悖论思维与员工创造力呈倒U型关系,个人学习能力在上述关系中起中介传导作用,领导促进型聚焦行为强化了变量间的间接关系,而领导防御型聚焦行为削弱了变量间的间接关系。通过对313名员工的三阶段调查分析,数据支持了本研究提出的假设。虽然适度的悖论思维有助于员工提升学习能力,但过度的悖论思维反而会降低员工学习效率进而削弱员工创造力,领导调节聚焦行为决定了员工是否能完成学习能力到创造力的转化。研究结论为员工创造力的影响因素研究提供了新思路,引导企业通过甄选员工和调整领导行为来激发员工创造力。     

“One of these days,things are going to change!” How do you make sense of market disruption?

The significance of mindsets is apparent in everyday business life. As today’s managers and companies face uncertainty and disruptive change in the business environment and markets, there is a growing need to understand and strategically address such change. This becomes challenging when disruptive market forces confront the institutional logic or rules of the game based on collectively acquired experience of doing business in the given field. In overcoming such challenges, managers’ hidden reasoning remains an untapped potential while their existing mindset influences what they attend to and what they decide to do. This article elaborates a diagnostic framework, accompanied by a tool to help managers make sense of disruptive markets and reflect individually and collectively on possible courses of action. The framework has two principal dimensions—strategic scope and focus—that are further divided into three business elements of strategic market-oriented management: offering, customer, and market. The tool offers a practical means of profiling individuals’ mindsets. In increasingly dynamic business environments, reflection capabilities represent a new source of competitive advantage.     

Looking more or less alike: Determinants of perceived visual similarity between copycat and leading brands

Copycat brands try to gain acceptance from consumers by imitating the trade dress of a leading, incumbent brand, and a crucial question thus is which conditions determine the perceived similarity between a copycat and a leading brand. Two experimental studies, across different product categories and countries, reveal that, as hypothesized, the copycat strategy (copying visual attributes versus themes) and the mindset of the consumer (featural versus relational focus) interact to determine perceived similarity. Consumers in a relational mindset perceive a theme-based copycat to be more similar to a leading brand than consumers in a featural mindset do. These findings have implications for similarity theory and branding practice.     

Brand value chain in practise; the relationship between mindset and market performance metrics: A study of the Swedish market for FMCG

For decades, managers have analysed, planned and implemented long-term brand strategies based on customer mindset metrics (MSMs). Typically, such MSMs are customer satisfaction, liking, brand preference and Net Promoter Score (NPS). One of the core pillars, in brand management literature, is the assumed link between certain customer-based brand assets, often operationalized as MSMs, and future long-term market performance. However, few studies have systematically and broadly evaluated how the most common MSMs relate to actual performance data. This study investigates the link between the customer MSMs, most commonly used by practitioners, and their relationships with actual market performance. The paper explores 10 MSMs and 14 market performance metrics, in 10 categories, in the Swedish fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. The study is based on survey data from 2007 that is compared to purchase panel household data from 2007 and 2010. Although MSMs are highly correlated to each other, their relations to brands' long-term market performance differ. A more nuanced approach to the MSM-market performance link is proposed, as there appears to be no single “silver bullet” MSM to rely on. Using a cash flow-oriented framework, the authors recommend opting for different MSMs depending on which of the three generic types of market performance (enhanced, sustained or accelerated) are targeted.     

矛盾思维对创新绩效的影响：员工跨界行为与关系冲突的作用

采用个体与团队动机综合理论模型，利用375名下属和92名领导配对问卷，基于3个时点收集数据，研究了员工矛盾思维对创新绩效的影响，以及关系冲突的调节作用和员工跨界行为的中介作用。结果表明：员工矛盾思维正向预测其创新绩效；员工跨界行为中介了员工矛盾思维与创新绩效之间的关系；关系冲突负向调节员工矛盾思维与员工跨界行为间的关系。此外，关系冲突进一步调节了员工跨界行为在员工矛盾思维与创新绩效间的中介作用。     

The Sheldon effect: fixed mindset does not always mean fragile confidence

ABSTRACT

More than just intelligence is needed to learn accounting. We see from prior work that the non-cognitive aspects of learning can influence the experience for accounting students. We investigate by survey both self-efficacy beliefs [Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215] and mindset [Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House] relative to academic performance of accounting students in a first year university course. Analysis of the data shows that mindset is not a predictor of academic success, whereas self-efficacy beliefs have explanatory power. Dweck [2000. Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Psychology Press; 2006. Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House] claims that students with a fixed mindset also will have fragile confidence. By measuring both self-efficacy beliefs and mindset together, we provide evidence that this may in fact not be the case. Students can have a fixed mindset and high confidence towards learning accounting.     

Can multitasking influence professional scepticism?

Motivated by concerns about the adverse effects of multitasking in audit practice and research that highlights the effects of mindset orientation on professional scepticism, we investigate how the performance of tasks consistent with different mindset orientations affects auditors’ professional scepticism in a subsequent, unrelated task. Results show that auditors who first complete a task that requires concrete (abstract) thinking display greater professional scepticism during a subsequent, unrelated task that involves evaluating a narrow and complete set of evidence (a broad and incomplete set of evidence). We discuss the implications for professional scepticism in multitasking environments.     

When and How Multitasking Impacts Consumer Shopping Decisions

This project provides insights into how multitasking impacts consumer decision-making. The effect of multitasking on shopping task performance is investigated across three studies. Authors propose that the effect of multitasking on consumers’ shopping task performance (e.g., to purchase low calorie snacks for a get together) is moderated by whether the consumer is in a how (implementation) or why (deliberation) mindset. To the benefit of consumers, results from two lab studies and a field experiment in a retail context suggest that shoppers in how-mindsets can multitask without any negative impact on shopping task performance. However, consumers in a why (deliberation) mindset are negatively affected by multitasking and this effect is mediated by task-induced stress. Results demonstrate that intervention to reduce the stress level eliminates the negative impact of multitasking on consumers in why-mindsets. Taken together, the results suggest that interventions to channel consumers to an implementation mindset or strategies to alleviate the stress levels can help consumers avoid negative impact of multitasking on shopping decisions.     

Business Cultural Intelligence Quotient: A Five‐Country Study

Cultural intelligence (CI) has often been linked to performance at the individual, team, and firm levels as a key factor in international business success. Using a new measure of CI, the business cultural intelligence quotient (BCIQ), our study provides empirical evidence on several key antecedents of CI using data on business professionals across five diverse countries (Austria, Colombia, Greece, Spain, and the United States). The findings suggest that the most important factors leading to cultural intelligence, in order of importance, are the number of countries that business practitioners have lived in for more than six months, their level of education, and the number of languages spoken. We find that cultural intelligence varies across countries, suggesting that some countries have a higher propensity for cross‐cultural business interactions. By teasing out the common antecedents of BCIQ among professionals, our findings may help with screening and training professionals for international assignments. Future research may examine the environmental (country‐specific) factors associated with a higher propensity for cultural intelligence (such as immigration, cultural diversity, languages spoken, and international trade) to explain the effect of country of origin on cultural intelligence in the professional community. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

成长型思维与创业行为倾向研究——基于创业失败恐惧的多维度调节作用

为探究思维模式对潜在创业者认知能力的影响,帮助其提升实施创业行为的可能性,解决潜在创业者创业时的犹豫,将内隐理论引入创业领域,结合社会认知理论,检验成长型思维、创业自我效能感与创业行为倾向之间的作用机制,并将创业失败恐惧作为多维度调节变量进行研究。以辽宁省潜在创业者作为调研对象,利用SPSS24.0软件对171份有效样本进行数据处理与分析。结果发现：成长型思维对创业行为倾向具有正向影响;创业自我效能感在成长型思维与创业行为倾向之间起部分中介作用;对商业理念的恐惧和对社会尊严威胁的恐惧负向调节创业自我效能感与创业行为倾向之间的关系。研究结论有助于个体正确认识并克服失败恐惧,激发创业欲望,推进“大众创业,万众创新”深入发展。