Using the Pack‐and‐a‐Half Rule to Eliminate Backroom Inventories in Retail Operations

In the retail industry, backroom inventories are typically associated with higher labor costs and greater operational complexity. Thus, retailers look for ways to eliminate backroom inventories. A heuristic used for this purpose is the pack‐and‐a‐half rule which suggests that the shelf space allocated for a product should be at least 50% larger than the case pack quantity in which the product is delivered. Despite its popularity among retailers, the pack‐and‐a‐half rule has been ignored in the academic literature. We introduce the pack‐and‐a‐half rule, assess its impact on a retailer's profits, identify cost, demand, and product characteristics driving this impact, and propose a modification. Based on an analysis of data obtained from a retailer on 1,986 SKUs in 20 categories, we find that the pack‐and‐a‐half rule decreases a retailer's profits, on average, by 10% when applied uniformly across all SKUs. Further, this decrease is significantly affected by product depth, product width, demand elasticity, case pack quantity, and inventory carrying cost. Finally, we develop a set of modifications based on these variables where the pack‐and‐a‐half rule is applied selectively and in a stepwise fashion. These modifications limit the decrease in a retailer's profits to a range between 6% and 7%.     

基于RFID的零售企业信息追溯与补库策略

提出了基于无线射频技术（RFID）的零售企业生鲜食品的信息追溯技术和持续补库计划（CRP）策略,集成了整合发货和库存补货,并构建了用以计算最高库存量和配送周期的供应商管理库存模式下的补货数学模型,模型中充分考虑了生鲜食品的特性（腐坏）,确保零售企业销售生鲜食品的质量安全.在通过采用RFID技术实时监控销售和库存数据的基础上,供应商能够依据模型在发货周期内确定最佳的货物配送时间和配送数量,主动补货,在保证食品安全的同时实现总的长期平均成本最小化.     

基于自动补货技术开发的便利店门店库存管理模型

本文针对当前我国便利店门店存在库存管理不合理的问题．运用了经典预测技术和数据分析知识，引用了SPSS数据分析软件的P—P概率图．结合当前最新发展的库存管理思想。为门店开发了支持自动补货系统的上下限库存管理模型．从而完善了门店的库存管理系统。     

汉语省略现象与相关理论研究

行文的简洁和精炼是交际"经济原则"的集中体现,语法学者对汉语的省略现象众说纷纭。文章对有关省略界定、方式与相关范畴(如隐含等)加以综述,对汉语的省略及研究成果进行了理论梳理。     

Using Laboratory Experiments in Logistics and Supply Chain Research

Laboratory experiments provide an underutilized methodology for subjecting research in logistics and supply chain management to rigorous scientific scrutiny. As discussed in this paper, by following established procedures researchers can create an economic system in which behavior can be observed and replicated. With the ability to control the institution and the environment, researchers have complete information and can exogenously manipulate treatment variables, neither of which may be feasible in field work. We also address many of the reservations that skeptics of laboratory experiments often express including issues of realism, participant sophistication, and payoff stakes. We then provide several examples where experiments have been used to study issues relevant to logistics and supply chain management including auctions, wholesale practices in gasoline markets, inventory replenishment, liberalization of the electric power industry, and deregulation of the natural gas markets. Finally, we identify several additional areas where laboratory experiments could be informative.     

The joint replenishment and delivery scheduling of the one-warehouse, n-retailer system

We deal with the joint replenishment and delivery scheduling of the one-warehouse, n-retailer system in this paper. We suggest a more flexible policy for the joint replenishment and delivery scheduling of a warehouse compared with the existing researches. We introduce the mathematical model and two efficient algorithms for the joint replenishment and delivery scheduling of the warehouse. Subsequently, we develop the hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and compare it with two efficient heuristic algorithms for extensive computational experiments. Further, we show the advantages of our GA in dealing easily with resource restrictions.     

配送中心——供应商和用户的物流共同通道

配送中心已经成为供应商和用户的物注解共同通道,与拉动式存货补充控制相比,推动式存货补充方法虽然在信息系统的配置和维护上更加昂贵,但是更有利于配送中心从整体上调配。有效的配送中心需要从4方面着手,即与当地供应商合伙伴持续有效地工作,与各分销点保持良好的合作关系,通过EDI或Internet数据联系与供应商和分销点进行信息共享,最后采用目录管理,持续的补充计划,计算机辅助订购,基于成本的分析法等有效的管理方式。     

汽车配件企业安全库存设置

整车厂商JIT要求对上游的汽车配件生产企业快速响应,汽车配件生产企业为了满足整车厂商的突发性需求与消除本企业内部影响生产平稳的一些不确定因素,也是为了取得比较好的客户满意率,因此对安全库存的研究显得极为重要。文章借助于统计学方面的一些知识和专门的统计软件SPSS对汽车配件生产企业的采购提前期和需求量进行了分析,旨在得出适合汽车配件生产企业的安全库存和再订货点的设置方法。     

基于Wiener过程的动产质押补货策略研究

以动产作为质押物的融资形式是解决我国中小企业融资难问题的重要途径之一。针对动产质押监管过程中质押率随市场价格波动而变化所形成的质押风险,提出一种基于Wiener过程的补货策略,并通过算例分析表明了该策略的合理性。     

生鲜食品的二级补货系统优化研究

针对连锁超市的配送网络。建立一个两级的库存系统模型，其中包括一个中心仓库和若干门店，每个门店面对的是随机的相互独立的需求，该需求服从正态分布。该库存系统是采用基于连续检测的再订货点方法管理。本文针对超市的生鲜食品补货的特征，增加对于过剩成本的考虑，采用分散库存控制权的方法，按照从门店到配送中心的思路。优化总库存成本，从而得出最佳的订购批量，同时也得出最佳的产品供给水平、再订货点等。