云南草果种植区域调查及生态适宜性气候因素分析

目的]草果是一种重要的药食同源的作物,目前草果在国内外市场上供不应求,市场前景极好。随着草果社会需求量的不断增加,草果种植面积也在迅速扩大,但至今对云南草果种植区域适宜性和生产情况还缺乏系统调查和科学评价。通过对云南草果主要种植区域气候适宜性的初步评价,为云南大力发展草果产业提供参考。方法]首先,对云南草果主要种植区域的14个县45个乡镇进行实地调查和气象资料的收集;其次,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标的权重;第三,根据草果的生长习性,设定理想的草果生长标准样本,进行加权综合评分;最后,根据得分最高的县、乡气候指标作为标准点进行灰关联度分析。结果](1)云南草果种植区域主要分布在北纬22°71'11″~27°87'53″、东经97°90'86″~105°63'33″,海拔714~2 023m,郁闭度50%左右的旱冬瓜树和核桃树等阔叶林下。同时,极端低温会造成草果的大幅度减产。(2)划分出适宜云南草果种植的3种不同气候区域的县和乡镇,最适宜区的县有马关、屏边、绿春和福贡,次适宜区的县有麻栗坡、金平、龙陵、贡山、腾冲和陇川,较适宜区的县有富宁、元阳、澜沧和泸水;最适宜区有富宁县的木央镇等8个乡镇、次最适宜区有马关县的古林菁乡等19个乡镇,较适宜区有腾冲县的猴桥镇等18个乡镇。结论]云南草果种植区域广,以生态适宜性气候因素划分的云南草果种植乡镇的生态适宜性差异明显,研究结果对草果种植生产具有显著的指导意义。

INVESTIGATION OF AMOMUM TSAOKO PLANTING AREA AND CLIMATE FACTORS ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY OF AMOMUM TSAOKO IN YUNNAN

Amomum tsaoko is a kind of important crop that has effects of drug and diet. As the increase of the amomum tsaoko social demand, its planted areas are also expanding rapidly. Based on the preliminary evaluation of the climate suitability of the main planting areas in Yunnan province, this paper provided a reference for Yunnan to develop amomum tsaoko industry. First, the field investigation and meteorological data collection in 14 counties 45 villages and towns were used for analyzing the main planting area; Secondly, AHP was used to determine the weight of each index; Thirdly, according to the growth habit of amomum tsaoko, the ideal score of the growth standard was set up; Finally, the gray correlation degree was analyzed according to the highest score of county and township climate index. The results showed that(1)Amomum tsaoko planting areas mainly distributed from latitude 22°71 ''11 " to 27°87 ''53 ",and longitude 97°90 ''86 "~105°63 ''33 ", with the altitude 714 to 2 023 meters above sea level. It can grow under the broad-leaved forest such as drought white gourd tree and walnut tree. The extreme low temperature can cause reduction of amomum tsaoko yield by a large margin; (2) Three different climatic regions of suitable for amomum tsaoko planting were determined, such as the most suitable region, the sub-suitable region and the comparative suitable region. There were four counties in the most suitable region in Yunnan province, such as Maguan, Pingbian, Lvchun and Fugong, six counties in the sub-suitable region, such as Malipo, Jinping, Longlin, Gongshan, Tenchong and Longchuang, four counties in the comparative suitable region such as Funing, Yuanyang, Lancang and Lushui etc. There were eight villages and towns in the most suitable region,such as Muyang town of Funing county, nineteen villages and towns in the sub-suitable region, such as Golinjing of Maguan county, eighteen villages and towns in the comparative suitable region, such as Houqiao town of Tengchong county.There were significant differences in the ecological suitability of Yunnan amomum tsaoko planting townships with ecological suitability climatic factors.The results had important significance for the cultivation of amomum tsaoko.