中国对日外交在20世纪60年代的转型发展及其历史意义

为抵制日本政府敌视新中国、拒绝邦交正常化但唯利是图的对华政策，中国政府在20世纪50年代末切断经济交流并厘定日本政府必须停止反华政策等政治原则作为重开贸易的条件。但由于日本民间组织、在野党和重视对华关系政治活动家的推动，更由于发生了“大跃进”的经济灾难和中苏关系恶化的外交挫折，中国虚化政治原则而重开中日贸易，并尝试联合日本反抗苏联；对日外交形成了经济和政治实用主义的两条路线。60年代对日外交的转型发展或可谓应付时局的选择，但偏离中日关系主题，因此衍生了影响深远的负面后果。

The Redirection of China's Diplomatic Relationship with Japan in 1960s and Its Historical Implications

In order to counteract the Japanese government＇s hostility to new China and its refusal to normalize relationship with China, the Chinese government, well aware of the benefit-oriented nature of the Japanese government, severed all economic ties with Japan at the end of 1950s and made it clear that the Japanese government must stop its anti-China policy before resumed trade with China is possible. However, owing to the efforts of Japanese non-governmental organizations, political out-parties and the pro-China political activists, and, more importantly, plagued by the economic disaster of the ＂Great Leap Forward＂ and the setback in foreign policy due to the deterioration of the Sino-Soviet relationship, the Chinese government cast aside political principle and reopened trade with Japan in 1960s. This was accompanied by an attempt to form a united front with Japan against the Soviet Union. A dual line of economic and political pragmatism prevailed. Such a redirection in policy in the diplomatic relationship with Japan in 1960s might have been an act on political and situational contingency, but it represented a deviation from the main theme of the Sino-Japan relationship, with far-reaching, negative consequences.