东北黑土区设施栽培对土壤养分的影响——以哈尔滨地区为例

设施蔬菜土壤养分是制约蔬菜生长及品质的关键因子,迄今有关东北黑土区设施栽培对土壤养分的影响的研究鲜见报道。本研究以哈尔滨市为研究区,通过调查取样,分析了黑土区设施蔬菜栽培土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质和pH的丰缺程度,比较了设施蔬菜土壤与露天蔬菜土壤的养分含量。结果表明:(1)设施蔬菜土壤的碱解氮含量处于亏缺状态,其他土壤养分含量均处于高水平状态。(2)哈尔滨市设施蔬菜土壤养分含量均较露地蔬菜土壤高。碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量起初随着设施使用年限的增加而增加,到第8年达到最大值,随后开始降低。土壤有机质的含量到第8年达到最大值,随后开始降低。土壤pH随设施使用年限的增加起初变化不大,到第8年明显降低,达到最低值,之后又有所上升。(3)哈尔滨市区内的设施蔬菜土壤速效磷含量高,外县的设施蔬菜土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量高,郊区的设施蔬菜土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质的含量均最低。本项研究表明,设施栽培使哈尔滨地区土壤速效养分及有机质含量发生明显变化,且随着地区不同而差异明显,土壤养分含量随设施使用年限而变化,使用8年的设施菜地土壤中pH值最低,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量最高。

Effect of Greenhouse Cultivation on Soil Nutrients in Black Soil Region of Northeast China---A case study of Harbin,Heilongjing province,China

The nutrient of greenhouse vegetable soil is a key factor that restricts the growth and quality of vegetables, so far about the effect of greenhouse cultivation on soil nutrients in black soil region of Northeast China are fresh. In this study, taking Harbin as the study area, abundance degree of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH value and organic matter of greenhouse vegetable cultivation soil in the black soil area were analyzed after field investigation, and comprised the content between greenhouse vegetable soil and open-air vegetable soil. The results showed that: (1) Soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content was deficient, the other nutrients content were in a high level state. (2) The pH value of greenhouse vegetable soil is lower than open-air vegetable soil, while the other nutrients content of greenhouse vegetable soil is higher than open -air vegetable soil. The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium initially increased with the using time increased, reached a highest value in the eighth year, then decreased again. Soil organic matter content reached a highest value in the eighth year, then decreased again. Soil pH value changed little in the first few years after green houses began to be in service, while decreased to the lowest value obviousely in the eighth year, then increased again. (3)The content of available phosphorus was high in Harbin city, the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter were high in Harbin county, while the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were low in the suburb of Harbin. This study shows that the soil available nutrients and organic matter content in Harbin region were significantly changed with the greenhouse cultivation, and there was significantly differences with regions changed. Soil pH was the lowest, while the other nutrients content were highest in the eighth year of greenhouse soil.