进口贸易、生产率与企业创新

本文借助2000-2013年中国工业企业数据库、企业专利数据库与海关进出口贸易数据库,构建了企业产品层面和行业层面的进口价值替代变量,并从生产率的角度,对进口促进我国企业创新的异质性影响进行了系统分析。研究发现,进口对企业创新的影响取决于企业的生产率水平,企业的生产率越高,进口对创新的促进作用越明显,且这种促进作用只在生产率超过中位数水平的企业中显现。同时,机制检验发现,高生产率企业在吸收进口技术溢出和应对进口竞争时更具有比较优势。异质性分析发现,来自不同研发投入国的进口对企业创新的影响并无显著差异,知识产权保护则放大了进口对高生产率企业创新的促进作用和对低生产率企业创新的抑制作用;即使是生产率最低的一般贸易企业,进口也对创新起到了激励作用,而加工贸易企业的创新活动不能从进口中获益。

Import Trade,Productivity and Corporate Innovation

Based on the 2000-2013 Chinese industrial enterprises database,enterprise patent database and customs import and export trade database,this paper constructed the substitution variables of import value at the level of enterprise products and industry,and systematically analyzed the heterogeneous influence of import on Chinese enterprise innovation from the perspective of productivity. The study finds that the impact of import on enterprise innovation depends on the productivity level of the enterprise. The higher the productivity of the enterprise is,the more obvious the promotion effect of import on innovation shows,and this promotion effect only appears in the enterprises whose productivity exceeds the median level. At the same time,the mechanism test finds that high-productivity enterprises have comparative advantages in absorbing the spillover and dealing with import competition. In addition,there is no significant difference in the impact of imports from different R&D input source countries on enterprise innovation. The protection of intellectual property rights enlarges the promotion of imports on innovation of high productivity enterprises and the inhibition of innovation of low productivity enterprises. Further,even in the case of the lowest productivity general trade enterprises,imports also stimulate innovation,while the innovation activities of processing trade enterprises cannot benefit from imports.