日本与印尼海洋经济合作探析:战略动因、主要路径与现实挑战

在日本印太战略与印尼"全球海洋支点"战略构想分别推进的背景下,两国在海洋基础设施建设、离岛与海洋能源开发等方面形成了较明显的"供需关系",海洋经济合作遂成为推动双边关系发展最重要的动能之一。日本与印尼通过首脑、高官互访机制对合作予以顶层设计,划定了合作路线图。在此基础上,日本也逐步完善了融资、信息共享等配套机制,并与印尼加速重点项目的推进。然而,两国合作同样面临诸多挑战。除了日本与印尼关于海洋经济合作的定位、合作动机等方面存在差异外,印尼国内若干因素仍对两国合作造成了诸多掣肘。对于中国而言,"后疫情时代"应考虑如何有效地将"21世纪海上丝绸之路"与日本印太战略、印尼"全球海洋支点"战略构想对接,以实现三方共赢。

The Research on Japan-Indonesia Marine Economic Cooperation:Motivations,Approaches and Challenges

With the implementation of Japan’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Axis Doctrine,the two countries have built a clearer"supply and demand relationship"in marine infrastructure construction,remote islands and marine energy development.The marine economic cooperation has become one of the most important factors that drive the bilateral relations between the two countries.Japan and Indonesia have adopted a top-level design for cooperation through mutual visits by senior officials and have delineated a road-map for cooperation.As a result,Japan has improved its supporting mechanisms such as financing and information sharing and accelerated the implementation of key projects with Indonesia.However,the cooperation between these two countries still faces many challenges.In addition to the differences in the positioning of the marine economic cooperation and the motives for cooperation between the two countries,several domestic factors in Indonesia also impedes the cooperation.In the post-pandemic era,China should attempt to align the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road with Japan’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Axis Doctrine,so as to achieve a triple win situation among the three countries.