中国通货紧缩的成因分析

西方经济学家以“债务一通货紧缩”理论、货币紧结论、金本位制论、联系汇率论、结构论等阐述通货紧缩的起因。从其本质来看，通货紧缩是经济运行过程中的必然产物；从触因来看，通货紧缩是宏观调控与经济运行失调的产物。我国的通货紧缩有其特定原因。长期盲目投资、低水平重复建设造成的生产能力大量过剩，是通货紧缩发生的产业结构原因；1994年以来货币供应量增幅和货币流动速度的下降，是通货紧缩发生的货币原因；政策调整滞后及政策效应相互抵消，是通货紧缩继续发展的政策原因；经济体制转轨过渡，是通货紧缩发生的制度原因；世界范围的通货紧缩趋势是我国通货紧缩发生的国际背景；国有企业经济效益下滑、国民经济出现大规模的国有企业亏损是导致通货紧缩的微观原因。

An Analysis of Causes for Deflation in China

The deflation in China has its own causes. The inferiority and the production surplus are the causes of indus-trial structure. The decline of scale in money supply growth and the decline of money cycle are the causes of currency. The lag of policy adjustment and the policy conflict are the causes of policy. The transformation from rigid institution to market mechanism is the cause of economic system. As part of the world economy, the intemationai background is global deflation trend. All of these are macro causes. The decrease of efficiency for the state - ovvned enterprises is the micro cause.