不同规模农户农业生产效率差异及影响因素研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型的实证分析

文章基于小麦主产区4个省份946个不同规模农户的调查数据,利用DEA模型和Tobit回归模型分析了小农户和家庭农场农业生产效率的影响机制。结果表明:家庭农场的农业生产效率明显高于小农户的农业生产效率,家庭农场的生产效率与经营规模呈倒"U"型变化特征;在影响因素方面,土地肥沃程度与农业技术指导对小农户和家庭农场的农业生产效率均有显著正向影响;家庭农场更倾向于通过提高受教育程度和增加单块耕地面积来提升农业生产效率;而小农户的农业生产效率对农户年龄和农户从事农作物种植年限呈现出较强的依赖性。基于此,建议有针对性地加大农业技术指导,适度扩大农业生产经营规模,加强小农户与新型农业经营主体之间的合作与联合,促进农业生产向高质量发展。

A Study on the Differences of Agricultural Production Efficiency of Farmers of Different Scales and Influencing Factors:An Empirical Analysis Based on DEA-Tobit Model

Based on the survey data of 946 farmers of different sizes in 4 provinces in the main wheat producing areas,the DEA model and Tobit regression model were used to analyze the impact mechanism of agricultural production efficiency of small farmers and family farms.The results show that:the agricultural production efficiency of family farms is significantly higher than that of small farmers,and the production efficiency and management scale of family farms show an inverted"U"shaped change characteristic.In terms of influencing factors,the degree of land fertility and agricultural technology guidance have a significant positive impact on the agricultural production efficiency of small farmers and family farms.Family farms are more inclined to improve agricultural production efficiency by increasing education and increasing the area of a single arable land.While the agricultural production efficiency of small farmers shows a strong dependence on the age of farmers and the number of years of crop cultivation.Based on this,it is recommended to increase agricultural technical guidance in a targeted manner,appropriately expand the scale of agricultural production and management,strengthen the cooperation between small farmers and new-type agricultural management entities,and promote the development of agricultural production to high quality.