自然资源资产价值可持续实现路径分析

基于马克思劳动价值论视角阐释"两山"理论的新时代内涵,对自然资源资产价值实现路径进行理论分析,采用案例分析法、质性研究法,分析"森林生态银行"运行模式实现自然资源资产价值的路径及其运作过程中面临的问题,探讨自然资源资产价值可持续实现的路径。结果表明:"森林生态银行"运行模式实现自然资源资产价值是以生态资源为基础,通过精准调查,在明晰生态资源产权的前提下,运用经济学方法对其价值进行核算,以直接或者间接利用权属交易、生态服务交易、产业化等方式将生态产品货币化。因此,应该建立市场化生态要素产权制度,引入市场经营主体发展生态产业,建立"公私合营"的生态产品交易制度,以便推进自然资源资产价值得以可持续实现。

Analysis on the Sustainable Realization Path of the Value of Natural Resource Assets

(1) Background——Natural resource assets are of great significance to China's green development, but the absence of property system and value assessment is the bottleneck to restrict the value realization of natural resource assets.(2) Methods——From the perspective of Marx's labor theory of value, the new era connotation of Two mountains theory was interpreted and theoretical analysis to the realization path of the value of natural resource assets was conducted.The data of this article is mainly derived from the survey of the Forestry Bureau and Forest Eco-Bank of Shunchang County, Fujian from July to August 2019.Case analysis and qualitative research methods are used to explore the operation mode of the forest eco-bank and the realization path and problems of the value of natural resource assets in the operation of the forest eco-bank.(3) Results——From the perspective of Marx's labor theory of value, the forest eco-bank spent a lot of socially necessary labor time in the process of forestland resource storage, capital empowerment and market operation, and it has proved that forestry resources are rich in economic value.According to Marx's thesis of“the usefulness of objects”,forestry resources have existential value.By defining the rights of forest resource property owners, the forest eco-bank transforms the existence value of forest resources into the use value of forestry assets.Under the catalysis of the market mechanism, the transformation of the use value of forest resources into the value of production factors is introduced into the ecological industry, which produce ecological products that meet market needs, and realize the exchange value of forestry resources with the transaction of forest ecological products as the carrier.Price is the manifestation of value.According to the“beneficiary payment”principle, consumers need to pay a certain fee when consuming forest ecological products.This part of the cost in the form of currency is the main way to realize the value of natural resources.For this reason, it is necessary to perfect the ecological product trading market mechanism and realize the value of ecological products.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——Forest Eco-Bank confirm and register forestry resources, and collect and store the fragmented forest land in the hands of forestry organizations or forest farmers through forest rights redemption, forest rights share cooperation, forest land lease and forest land trusteeship.The Asset Evaluation Center calculates the value of forestry, grafts financial derivatives to promote the proliferation of natural capital, relies on professional institutions to introduce ecological industries, and uses ecological products as the carrier to realize its economic value.The practice of the Forest Eco-Bank shows: the sustainable realization of the value of natural resource assets is based on ecological resources.Through precise investigations, and under the premise of clarifying the property rights of ecological resources, economic method is used to account for its value.Realizing value through the monetization of ecological products through direct or indirect use of ownership transactions, ecological service transactions, industrialization, etc, it is the transformation process of natural resources“existence value-use value-element value-exchange value”.Forest Eco-Bank is a material platform that implements Two mountains theory and promotes the realization of the value of natural resource assets.However, in the process of value realization, it still faces the boundary of natural resource property rights, the unsound transaction system of natural resources and ecological products, and the ecological industry difficulties in importing and other bottlenecks.Therefore, it is recommended: First, market-oriented ecological element property rights system should be established.Second, market operators can be introduced to develop ecological industries.Finally, joint state-private ownership ecological product trading system is required.