跨国移民、人力资本结构与技术创新

本文在"新人才流失经济学"的框架下,以分工理论为基础,分析了跨国移民对于发展中国家人力资本结构及技术创新的影响。分析显示,由于较低的知识存量和较高的协调成本,在技术水平较为落后的移民来源国,熟练劳动力通常更倾向于选择通才教育,从而独立进行创新活动。相反,在技术较为先进的移民目标国,熟练劳动力则更倾向于选择专才教育,从而以分工合作的方式从事创新活动。受国内外协调成本差异的影响,跨国移民会激励移民来源国的劳动力更多的选择专才教育,从而改变移民来源国人力资本的结构并影响技术创新的效率。

Emigration, Composition of Human Capital and Technological Innovation

Under the context of"New Economics of Brain Drain",this paper employs the specialization theory to analyze how the possibility of migration affects the composition of human capital and technological innovation in developing countries.The results show that due to the lower stock of knowledge and the higher coordination cost,in the less developed source countries,the skilled workers are more inclined to choose the generalist education and undertake the innovation on their own.By contrast,in the advanced destination countries,the skilled workers are more inclined to choose the specialist education and undertake the innovation by specialization.Because of the difference of coordination cost and the skill biased policies of migration,the possibility of migration will motivate more workers of source countries to choose the specialist education.This will change the composition of human capital and affect the efficiency of technological innovation.