微观家庭视角下库区移民适应状况及影响因素——基于长江上游库区385户移民数据的实证分析

目的]探究微观家庭视角下长江上游库区移民适应状况及影响因素,并提出提高移民适应的策略为政策制定提供参考。方法]文章基于移民适应分析框架,运用二元Logit模型与统计分析法,分析影响移民适应的因素与移民适应状况及差异、不同适应状况的移民特征异质性。结果]发现户主特征(户主年龄、民族、受教育程度、健康状况)与移民适应没有显著关系;家庭特征(是否负债、是否受灾),经济因素(人均可支配收入、主要收入来源、土地面积),政治因素(是否有党员干部、意见受重视程度、政策满意度、政治参与度),文化因素(语言异同、身份认同)与库区移民适应有着密切的关系;目前长江上游库区移民的总体适应比仅68%,岷江、金沙江、雅砻江等三大支流适应比分别为71.0%,68.3%,65.8%;适应的移民家庭的人均纯收入和耕地面积分别比不适应的移民家庭多1 815.01元、0.24hm~2。结论]长江上游库区移民总体适应状况不佳,岷江、金沙江、雅砻江等三大支流适应状况存在差异,不同适应状况的移民特征也存在显著异质性。移民适应的状况是多因素影响的结果,因此移民适应政策的制定需要综合考虑,实现政策效益最大化。

THE STATUS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF IMMIGRATION ADAPTATION IN RESERVOIR AREA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MICRO-FAILYBASED ON THE MIGRATION DATA OF 385 HOUSEHOLDS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

This paper aims to explore the status and influencing factors of migration adaptation in the upper reaches of Yangtze river reservoir area from the perspective of micro-family, and proposes strategies to improve migration adaptation to provide reference for policy formulation. Based on the framework of immigration adaptation analysis, we used binary logit model and statistical analysis method to analyze the factors affecting immigration adaptation, immigration adaptation status and migration characteristics heterogeneity with different adaptation status. We found that household head characteristics (household head age, nationality, education level, health status) had no significant relationship with immigration adaptation; We found that family characteristics (whether debt or disaster), economic factors (per capita net income, main source of income, land area), political factors (whether party members and cadres are present, the degree to which opinions are valued, policy satisfaction, and political participation) and cultural factors (language similarities and differences identity) were closely related to the accommodation of immigrants in the reservoir area. At present, the overall adaptation ratio of migration in the upper reaches of Yangtze river was only 68%, while the three tributaries of Min river, Chin-sha river and Yalong river were 71.0%, 68.3% and 65.8, respectively; The per capita net income and arable land area of the adapted immigrant families were 1 815.01 yuan 0.24hm² more than the unadapted immigrant families. To summary, the overall situation of migration in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river is not good, and the three tributaries such as Min river, Chin-sha river and Yalong river are different. The status of immigrant adaptation is the result of multiple factors, so the formulation of immigrant adaptation policy needs comprehensive consideration to maximize policy benefits.