收入增长和收入分配对城市减贫的影响

本文基于对贫困的分解,运用贫困弹性的动态特征,选取《中国统计年鉴》相关年份城市住户分组数据,深入分析收入增长和收入分配因素对中国1991-2009年间城市绝对贫困和相对贫困的影响。结果表明:(1)高速的经济增长对我国城市绝对贫困率下降起决定性作用,但收入分配恶化对城市相对贫困率上升有显著影响。(2)收入水平越高,则收入因素对城市减贫的促进作用越强,且分配因素所引起的贫困变动越大;收入分配越不平等,则收入因素对城市减贫的促进作用越弱,且分配因素所引起的贫困变动越小。因此,我国今后的城市减贫,应在继续保持经济较快增长的同时,以改善收入分配不平等为重点。

The Impact of Income Growth and Income Distribution on the Poverty Reduction in Urban China

Based on the decomposition of poverty,this paper analyses the dynamic characteristics of poverty elasticity in urban China.With poverty simulation software,we discuss the impact of income growth and income distribution on poverty reduction from 1991 to 2009.The results find out:(1) The key factor on urban absolute poverty reduction is rapid economic growth,while serious income distribution should be responsible for the rising of relative poverty.(2) The higher the income,the stronger the effect of income factor on poverty reduction,and the bigger the change of distribution factor on poverty reduction.Under worse income distribution,the effect of income on poverty reduction becomes weaker,and the change of distribution on poverty reduction turns to smaller.In the future,we should focus on improving income distribution under the rapid economic growth.